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2.3 T2: Musculoskeletal system > T2 L9: Morphological plan of the lower limb > Flashcards

T2 L9: Morphological plan of the lower limb Flashcards

1
Q

What is bipedalism?

A

Having 2 feet

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2
Q

Where are the flexors and extensors on the lower limb?

A

Flexors: posterior
Extensors: anterior

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3
Q

What are the names of the bones of the lower limb?

A 
Pelvis
Femur
Fibula
Tibia
Tarsal bones
Metatarsals
Phalanges
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4
Q

What is the difference between an epicondyle and a condyle?

A

Epicondyles are higher up on the bones

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5
Q

Where is the lateral and medial malleolus?

A

At the ankle, they’re the 2 projections

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6
Q

What is dorsiflexion?

A

Moving the foot upwards

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7
Q

What is plantarflexion?

A

Moving the foot downwards

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8
Q

What is inversion and eversion of the foot?

A

Inversion: moving sole of foot medially

Eversion: moving sole of the foot laterally

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9
Q

What is the medial compartment of the thigh for?

A

Adduction of the thigh

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10
Q

What is the function of each of the gluteal muscles?

A

Maximus: extension and lateral rotation of the thigh

Medius and minimus: abduction and medial rotation of the thigh

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11
Q

What is the function of the iliotibial tract?

A

It allows gluteus maximus to support the extended knee

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12
Q

What is the origin, insertion and innervation of gluteus maximus?

A

Origin: ilium

Insertion: gluteal tuberosity on the femur and the iliotibial tract

Innervation: Inferior gluteal nerve

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13
Q

What is the origin, insertion and innervation of gluteus madius?

A

Origin: ilium

Insertion: greater trochanter of the femur

Innervation: superior gluteal nerve

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14
Q

What is the origin, insertion and innervation of gluteus minimus?

A

Origin: ilium

Insertion: greater trochanter of the femur

Innervation: superior gluteal nerve

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15
Q

Name some small muscles of the gluteal region

A 
Piriformis
Gemellus superior
Obturator internus
Gemellus Inferior
Quadratus femoris
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16
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and innervation of the short lateral rotators of the gluteal region?

A

Origin: ischium/ischiopubic ramus

Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur

Innervation: branches from the sacral plexus

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17
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and innervation of the Piriformis muscle?

A

Origin: sacrum

Insertion: greater trochanter of the femur

Innervation: branches of the sacral plexus

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18
Q

What are the muscles that make up the quadriceps (anterior compartment)?

A

Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius

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19
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and innervation of the quadriceps?

A

Origin: Anterior inferior iliac spine and femur

Insertion: Tibial tuberosity

Innervation: Femoral nerve

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20
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and innervation of the sartorius muscle?

A

Origin: anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

Insertion: Tibia

Innervation: femoral nerve

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21
Q

Which muscles make up the hamstrings (posterior compartment)?

A

Semimembranosus
Semitendonosus
Biceps femoris

22
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and innervation of the hamstrings?

A

Origin: Ischial tuberosity

Insertion: tibia and fibula

Innervation: Sciatic nerve

23
Q

Which muscles make up the medial compartment of the thigh?

A 
Pectineus
adductor longus
Gracilis
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus
24
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and innervation of the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Origin: Pubis and ischium

Insertion: linea aspera of the femur

Innervation: obturator nerve (except pectinius and hamstring part of abductor magnus)

25
Q

What is the origin and insertion of each part of adductor magnus?

A

Adductor part: ischiopubic ramus to linea aspera on the femur

Hamstring part: ischial tuberosity to the adductor tubercle

26
Q

What are the movements of the adductor muscles of the thigh?

A

Adduction of thigh
Medial rotation
Extension of thigh

27
Q

Which muscles are responsible for flexion of the thigh?

A

Rectus femoris
Sartorius
Iliopsoas (iliacus and psoas major)

28
Q

Which muscles are responsible for abduction of the thigh?

A

Gluteus medias and minimus

29
Q

Which muscles are responsible for extension of the thigh?

A

Gluteus maximus
Hamstrings
Hamstring part of adductor magnus

30
Q

Which muscles are responsible for adduction of the thigh?

A 
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor part of adductor magnus
Pectineus
Gracilis
31
Q

Which muscles are responsible for medial and lateral rotation of the thigh?

A

Gluteal muscles, hamstrings, adductors, and short rotators

32
Q

What is the vertebral origin of each of the muscles supplying the thigh?

A

Femoral nerve (L2-L4 anterior rami)

Obturator nerve (L2-L4 posterior rami)

Sciatic nerve (L4-S3)

33
Q

What is the ligament that runs between ASIS and the pubic tubercle?

A

The inguinal ligament

34
Q

What is the function of the saphenous nerve?

A

It gives sensory info to the medial leg/foot

35
Q

What is the function of the femoral nerve?

A

Gives motor to anterior compartment of the thigh

Gives sensory to skin over anterior thigh, knee, and medial side of the leg and foot through the saphenous branch

36
Q

What is the function of the obturator nerve?

A

Gives motor to the medial compartment of the thigh except pectineus and hamstring part of adductor magnus

Gives sensory to the skin over medial thigh

37
Q

What is the function of the sciatic nerve?

A

Gives motor to posterior compartment of the thigh and leg and foot plus the hamstring part of adductor magnus

Gives sensory to the skin over the leg and foot but not the medial side

38
Q

What are the division of the sciatic nerve?

A

Exits through the greater sciatic foramen

At the popliteal fossa, it splits into the tibial nerve (medial) and common fibular/peroneal nerve (lateral).

The common fibular/peroneal nerve divides into the superficial and deep fibular nerve

The common fibular nerve rejoins with the tibial nerve to form the sural nerve

39
Q

What is the function of the sural nerve?

A

It supplies sensory to the calf and to the lateral foot

40
Q

What is the arterial blood supply to the leg?

A

The external iliac artery becomes the femoral artery after the inguinal ligament. Femoral artery divides to form the profundus femoris artery to the posterior thigh.

The femoral artery becomes the popliteal artery after the adductor hiatus

The popliteal artery splits into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries

41
Q

What is the femoral triangle?

A

It’s on the anterior part of the thigh

It’s created by the inguinal canal on top, sartorius muscle, and adductor longus

42
Q

What is the clinical significance of the femoral triangle?

A

Femoral hernia
Angioplasty
Femoral nerve block
Venepuncture

43
Q

What covers the structures withing the femoral triangle?

A

In a femoral sheath

the lymphatics are contained within the femoral canal within the femoral sheath

44
Q

Which artery runs under the sartorius muscle?

A

The femoral nerve and then it passes through the adductor hiatus

45
Q

What do the anterior and posterior tibial arteries supply?

A

The anterior and posterior compartments of the leg

46
Q

What is the function of the great saphenous vein?

A

medial side of the foot

47
Q

What is the function of the small saphenous veins?

A

lateral side of the foot

48
Q

What does the great saphenous vein drain into?

A

Into the femoral vein

49
Q

What does the short saphenous vein drain into?

A

Into the popliteal vein

50
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the leg?

A

Superficial inguinal nodes: drains the skin and superficial fascia of the limb

Deep inguinal nodes: beside the femoral vein

2.3 T2: Musculoskeletal system (13 decks)

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