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2.3 T2: Musculoskeletal system > T2 L11: Anatomy of leg and foot > Flashcards

T2 L11: Anatomy of leg and foot Flashcards

1
Q

On which side of the leg is the tibia found on?

A

The lateral side

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2
Q

What are the names of the tarsal bones?

A

Talus (posterior)
Cuboid (heel)
Navicular
Lateral, intermediate and medial cuneiforms

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3
Q

Which tendon inserts into the calcaneal tuberosity?

A

The Achilles tendon

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4
Q

What is the function of the sustentaculum tali?

A

Structures wrap around is suspended

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5
Q

Which ligaments stabilise the ankle?

A

Lateral and medial collateral ligaments

Lateral: lateral malleolus to talus/calcaneus
Medial: medial malleolus to talus/calcaneus/navicular

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6
Q

Which ligament will be injured due to excessive inversion of the foot?

A

The lateral ligament

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7
Q

Where is the subtalar joint?

A

Below the talus connected to the calcaneus

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8
Q

What is the function of the transverse tarsal joints?

A

For standing on uneven ground

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9
Q

What is the function of arches of the foot?

A
  • Shock absorbers during locomotion
  • Act as springboards for propulsion during walking
  • Allow distribution of weight to calcaneus and ball of foot
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10
Q

Describe the medial and lateral longitudinal arches of the foot

A

Medial has a higher arch

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11
Q

Which structures support the longitudinal arches of the foot?

A

Long tendons
intrinsic plantar muscles
Intrinsic ligaments
Plantar aponeurosis

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12
Q

What is pes planus?

A

Flat foot caused by a fallen medial longitudinal arch

It’s caused by degradation of ligaments or injury to tibialis posterior

Seen in children because the arches take time to develop

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13
Q

Which tendons support the transverse arches?

A

Long tendons

-Fibularis longus and tibialis posterior

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14
Q

What is plantar fasciitis?

A

Inflammation of the plantar aponeurosis due to overuse

Seen in runners

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15
Q

Which nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

The deep fibular nerve

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16
Q

Which nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

The tibial nerve

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17
Q

Which nerve supplies the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Superficial fibular nerve

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18
Q

What is the nerve supply to the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Femoral nerve

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19
Q

What is the nerve supply to the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Sciatic nerve

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20
Q

What is the nerve supply to the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Obturator nerve

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21
Q

What is the function of tibialis anterior muscle?

A

It extends and inverts the foot

22
Q

What is the function of extensor digitorum longus?

A

Extends lateral 4 toes

23
Q

What is the function of extensor hallucis longus?

A

Extends the big toe

24
Q

Which muscles make up the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus

They extend (dorsiflex) and invert the foot

25
Q

Where is the extensor retinaculum in the leg?

A

At the ankle

26
Q

What is the origin of anterior compartment muscles of the leg?

A

The tibia and fibula

27
Q

Where does tibialis anterior insert?

A

Medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal

It attaches underneath the foot to allow inversion

28
Q

Where does extensor digitorum longus insert?

A

Into the middle and distal phalanges

It divides into 4 to supply each toe

29
Q

Where does extensor hallucis longus insert?

A

Distal phalanx of big toe

30
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the gastrocnemius muscle?

A

Origin: condyles of femur

Insertion: calcaneal tuberosity

31
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the soleus muscle?

A

Origin: tibia and fibula

Insertion: calcaneal tuberosity

32
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the plantaris muscle?

A

Origin: femur

Insertion: calcaneal tuberosity

33
Q

Which muscles make up the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Soleus
Gastrocnemius
Plantaris

34
Q

What is the function of the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

To flex (plantarflex) foot and leg

35
Q

What is the tendocalcaneus?

A

It’s the tendon of both the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles

The muscles join together

36
Q

What is the tendocalcaneus also known as?

A

The Achilles tendon

37
Q

What is the soleal pump?

A

The pump that prevents DVT’s in the leg

Walking causes pumping of blood back to the heart

38
Q

Which muscles make up the deep posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Flexor digitorum longus
Tibialis posterior
Flexor hallucis longus

39
Q

Which muscles make up the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Fibularis longus and brevis

Also referred to as peroneus longus and brevis

40
Q

Where is the extensor retinaculum?

A

Superior part of ankle

41
Q

Where is the flexor retinaculum?

A

Lateral ankle

42
Q

Where is the fibular retinaculum?

A

Medial ankle

43
Q

How many layers of intrinsic muscles in the foot are there?

A

6

44
Q

Which artery in the leg is a continuation of the femoral artery?

A

The popliteal artery

45
Q

Which structures are contained within the tarsal tunnel?

A 
Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Posterior tibial artery/vein
Tibial nerve
Flexor hallucis longus
46
Q

What does the posterior tibial artery divide into once it gets under the foot?

A

Into the medial and lateral plantar arteries

47
Q

Which artery forms the deep plantar arch?

A

The lateral plantar artery

48
Q

Which artery becomes the dorsalis pedis artery?

A

The anterior tibial artery

49
Q

Which nerve is compressed in tarsal tunnel syndrome?

A

The tibial nerve

50
Q

Which nerves give cutaneous innervation to the leg?

A
  • Common fibular nerve
  • Superficial fibular nerve
  • Deep fibular nerve
  • Saphenous nerve
  • Sural nerve

2.3 T2: Musculoskeletal system (13 decks)

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