T2 L11: Anatomy of leg and foot

Question 1

On which side of the leg is the tibia found on?

Answer 1

The lateral side

Question 2

What are the names of the tarsal bones?

Answer 2

Talus (posterior)
Cuboid (heel)
Navicular
Lateral, intermediate and medial cuneiforms

Question 3

Which tendon inserts into the calcaneal tuberosity?

Answer 3

The Achilles tendon

Question 4

What is the function of the sustentaculum tali?

Answer 4

Structures wrap around is suspended

Question 5

Which ligaments stabilise the ankle?

Answer 5

Lateral and medial collateral ligaments

Lateral: lateral malleolus to talus/calcaneus
Medial: medial malleolus to talus/calcaneus/navicular

Question 6

Which ligament will be injured due to excessive inversion of the foot?

Answer 6

The lateral ligament

Question 7

Where is the subtalar joint?

Answer 7

Below the talus connected to the calcaneus

Question 8

What is the function of the transverse tarsal joints?

Answer 8

For standing on uneven ground

Question 9

What is the function of arches of the foot?

Answer 9

• Shock absorbers during locomotion
• Act as springboards for propulsion during walking
• Allow distribution of weight to calcaneus and ball of foot

Question 10

Describe the medial and lateral longitudinal arches of the foot

Answer 10

Medial has a higher arch

Question 11

Which structures support the longitudinal arches of the foot?

Answer 11

Long tendons
intrinsic plantar muscles
Intrinsic ligaments
Plantar aponeurosis

Question 12

What is pes planus?

Answer 12

Flat foot caused by a fallen medial longitudinal arch

It’s caused by degradation of ligaments or injury to tibialis posterior

Seen in children because the arches take time to develop

Question 13

Which tendons support the transverse arches?

Answer 13

Long tendons

-Fibularis longus and tibialis posterior

Question 14

What is plantar fasciitis?

Answer 14

Inflammation of the plantar aponeurosis due to overuse

Seen in runners

Question 15

Which nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 15

The deep fibular nerve

Question 16

Which nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 16

The tibial nerve

Question 17

Which nerve supplies the lateral compartment of the leg?

Answer 17

Superficial fibular nerve

Question 18

What is the nerve supply to the anterior compartment of the thigh?

Answer 18

Femoral nerve

Question 19

What is the nerve supply to the posterior compartment of the thigh?

Answer 19

Sciatic nerve

Question 20

What is the nerve supply to the medial compartment of the thigh?

Answer 20

Obturator nerve

Question 21

What is the function of tibialis anterior muscle?

Answer 21

It extends and inverts the foot

Question 22

What is the function of extensor digitorum longus?

Answer 22

Extends lateral 4 toes

Question 23

What is the function of extensor hallucis longus?

Answer 23

Extends the big toe

Question 24

Which muscles make up the anterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 24

Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus

They extend (dorsiflex) and invert the foot

Question 25

Where is the extensor retinaculum in the leg?

Answer 25

At the ankle

Question 26

What is the origin of anterior compartment muscles of the leg?

Answer 26

The tibia and fibula

Question 27

Where does tibialis anterior insert?

Answer 27

Medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal It attaches underneath the foot to allow inversion

Question 28

Where does extensor digitorum longus insert?

Answer 28

Into the middle and distal phalanges It divides into 4 to supply each toe

Question 29

Where does extensor hallucis longus insert?

Answer 29

Distal phalanx of big toe

Question 30

What is the origin and insertion of the gastrocnemius muscle?

Answer 30

Origin: condyles of femur Insertion: calcaneal tuberosity

Question 31

What is the origin and insertion of the soleus muscle?

Answer 31

Origin: tibia and fibula Insertion: calcaneal tuberosity

Question 32

What is the origin and insertion of the plantaris muscle?

Answer 32

Origin: femur Insertion: calcaneal tuberosity

Question 33

Which muscles make up the posterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 33

Soleus Gastrocnemius Plantaris

Question 34

What is the function of the posterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 34

To flex (plantarflex) foot and leg

Question 35

What is the tendocalcaneus?

Answer 35

It's the tendon of both the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles | The muscles join together

Question 36

What is the tendocalcaneus also known as?

Answer 36

The Achilles tendon

Question 37

What is the soleal pump?

Answer 37

The pump that prevents DVT's in the leg Walking causes pumping of blood back to the heart

Question 38

Which muscles make up the deep posterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 38

Flexor digitorum longus Tibialis posterior Flexor hallucis longus

Question 39

Which muscles make up the lateral compartment of the leg?

Answer 39

Fibularis longus and brevis Also referred to as peroneus longus and brevis

Question 40

Where is the extensor retinaculum?

Answer 40

Superior part of ankle

Question 41

Where is the flexor retinaculum?

Answer 41

Lateral ankle

Question 42

Where is the fibular retinaculum?

Answer 42

Medial ankle

Question 43

How many layers of intrinsic muscles in the foot are there?

Answer 43

6

Question 44

Which artery in the leg is a continuation of the femoral artery?

Answer 44

The popliteal artery

Question 45

Which structures are contained within the tarsal tunnel?

Answer 45

``` Tibialis posterior Flexor digitorum longus Posterior tibial artery/vein Tibial nerve Flexor hallucis longus ```

Question 46

What does the posterior tibial artery divide into once it gets under the foot?

Answer 46

Into the medial and lateral plantar arteries

Question 47

Which artery forms the deep plantar arch?

Answer 47

The lateral plantar artery

Question 48

Which artery becomes the dorsalis pedis artery?

Answer 48

The anterior tibial artery

Question 49

Which nerve is compressed in tarsal tunnel syndrome?

Answer 49

The tibial nerve

Question 50

Which nerves give cutaneous innervation to the leg?

Answer 50

- Common fibular nerve - Superficial fibular nerve - Deep fibular nerve - Saphenous nerve - Sural nerve