T2 L11: Anatomy of leg and foot Flashcards
On which side of the leg is the tibia found on?
The lateral side
What are the names of the tarsal bones?
Talus (posterior)
Cuboid (heel)
Navicular
Lateral, intermediate and medial cuneiforms
Which tendon inserts into the calcaneal tuberosity?
The Achilles tendon
What is the function of the sustentaculum tali?
Structures wrap around is suspended
Which ligaments stabilise the ankle?
Lateral and medial collateral ligaments
Lateral: lateral malleolus to talus/calcaneus
Medial: medial malleolus to talus/calcaneus/navicular
Which ligament will be injured due to excessive inversion of the foot?
The lateral ligament
Where is the subtalar joint?
Below the talus connected to the calcaneus
What is the function of the transverse tarsal joints?
For standing on uneven ground
What is the function of arches of the foot?
- Shock absorbers during locomotion
- Act as springboards for propulsion during walking
- Allow distribution of weight to calcaneus and ball of foot
Describe the medial and lateral longitudinal arches of the foot
Medial has a higher arch
Which structures support the longitudinal arches of the foot?
Long tendons
intrinsic plantar muscles
Intrinsic ligaments
Plantar aponeurosis
What is pes planus?
Flat foot caused by a fallen medial longitudinal arch
It’s caused by degradation of ligaments or injury to tibialis posterior
Seen in children because the arches take time to develop
Which tendons support the transverse arches?
Long tendons
-Fibularis longus and tibialis posterior
What is plantar fasciitis?
Inflammation of the plantar aponeurosis due to overuse
Seen in runners
Which nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the leg?
The deep fibular nerve
Which nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the leg?
The tibial nerve
Which nerve supplies the lateral compartment of the leg?
Superficial fibular nerve
What is the nerve supply to the anterior compartment of the thigh?
Femoral nerve
What is the nerve supply to the posterior compartment of the thigh?
Sciatic nerve
What is the nerve supply to the medial compartment of the thigh?
Obturator nerve
What is the function of tibialis anterior muscle?
It extends and inverts the foot
What is the function of extensor digitorum longus?
Extends lateral 4 toes
What is the function of extensor hallucis longus?
Extends the big toe
Which muscles make up the anterior compartment of the leg?
Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus
They extend (dorsiflex) and invert the foot
Where is the extensor retinaculum in the leg?
At the ankle
What is the origin of anterior compartment muscles of the leg?
The tibia and fibula
Where does tibialis anterior insert?
Medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal
It attaches underneath the foot to allow inversion
Where does extensor digitorum longus insert?
Into the middle and distal phalanges
It divides into 4 to supply each toe
Where does extensor hallucis longus insert?
Distal phalanx of big toe
What is the origin and insertion of the gastrocnemius muscle?
Origin: condyles of femur
Insertion: calcaneal tuberosity
What is the origin and insertion of the soleus muscle?
Origin: tibia and fibula
Insertion: calcaneal tuberosity
What is the origin and insertion of the plantaris muscle?
Origin: femur
Insertion: calcaneal tuberosity
Which muscles make up the posterior compartment of the leg?
Soleus
Gastrocnemius
Plantaris
What is the function of the posterior compartment of the leg?
To flex (plantarflex) foot and leg
What is the tendocalcaneus?
It’s the tendon of both the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles
The muscles join together
What is the tendocalcaneus also known as?
The Achilles tendon
What is the soleal pump?
The pump that prevents DVT’s in the leg
Walking causes pumping of blood back to the heart
Which muscles make up the deep posterior compartment of the leg?
Flexor digitorum longus
Tibialis posterior
Flexor hallucis longus
Which muscles make up the lateral compartment of the leg?
Fibularis longus and brevis
Also referred to as peroneus longus and brevis
Where is the extensor retinaculum?
Superior part of ankle
Where is the flexor retinaculum?
Lateral ankle
Where is the fibular retinaculum?
Medial ankle
How many layers of intrinsic muscles in the foot are there?
6
Which artery in the leg is a continuation of the femoral artery?
The popliteal artery
Which structures are contained within the tarsal tunnel?
Tibialis posterior Flexor digitorum longus Posterior tibial artery/vein Tibial nerve Flexor hallucis longus
What does the posterior tibial artery divide into once it gets under the foot?
Into the medial and lateral plantar arteries
Which artery forms the deep plantar arch?
The lateral plantar artery
Which artery becomes the dorsalis pedis artery?
The anterior tibial artery
Which nerve is compressed in tarsal tunnel syndrome?
The tibial nerve
Which nerves give cutaneous innervation to the leg?
- Common fibular nerve
- Superficial fibular nerve
- Deep fibular nerve
- Saphenous nerve
- Sural nerve
