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2.3 T2: Musculoskeletal system > T2 L5: Anatomy of the forearm > Flashcards

T2 L5: Anatomy of the forearm Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 types of joints the the arm?

A

A synovial hinge joint at the elbow

A synovial pivot joint and the radioulnar joint

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2
Q

What are the 5 ligaments that stabilise/ strengthen the radioulnar joint?

A 
Lateral epicondyle
Radial collateral ligament 
Annular ligament
Medial epicondyle
Ulnar collateral ligament
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3
Q

What is the olecranon process?

A

The elbow

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4
Q

What is the coronoid process?

A

It’s found next to the olecranon process and it fits in with the humorus

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5
Q

What is the capitilum of the humerus?

A

It articulates with the head of the radius

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6
Q

What is the trochlea of the humerus?

A

Articulates with the trochlear notch on the ulnar bone

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7
Q

What are the 2 joints that help perform pronation and supination of the forearm?

A

Proximal and distal radioulnar joints

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8
Q

What does carpi mean in a name?

A

That something attaches distally to the carpal bones

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9
Q

What does digitorum mean in a name?

A

That the distal attachment is in the digits of the hand

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10
Q

What does pollicis mean in a name?

A

That is attaches to the thumb

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11
Q

Which 4 muscles originate from the medial epicondyle?

A

Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris

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12
Q

Which muscles make up the superficial flexor layer on the forearm?

A

Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris

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13
Q

Which muscles make up the intermediate flexor layer on the forearm?

A

The flexor digitorum superficialis

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14
Q

Which muscles make up the deep flexor layer on the forearm?

A

Flexor pollicis longus
Flexor digitorum profundus
Pronator quadratus

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15
Q

Which muscles make up the superficial extensor layer of the forearm?

A 
Extensor carpi radialis longus/brevis
Extensor digitorum
Extensor digiti minimi 
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Brachioradialis
Anceneus
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16
Q

Which muscles are accessory to the extensor digitorum?

A

Extensor digiti minimi and extensor indicis

17
Q

What is the function of the brachioradialis muscle?

A

It’s a flexor when half pronated

18
Q

What is the function of the Anconeus muscle?

A

It stabilises the elbow

19
Q

Which muscles make up the deep flexor layer of the forearm?

A 
Supinator
Abductor pollicis longus 
Extensor pollicis brevis
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor indicis
20
Q

Which muscles make up the anatomical snuff box?

A

Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Extensor pollicis longus

21
Q

Which muscles allow abduction at the wrist joint?

A

Flexor carpi radialis

Extensor carpi radialis (longus + brevis)

22
Q

Which muscles allow adduction at the wrist joint?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Extensor carpi ulnaris

23
Q

What are the muscles involved in pronation and supination of the forearm?

A

Supination:

  • Biceps brachii
  • Supinator

Pronation:

  • Pronator teres
  • Pronator quadratus
24
Q

What is the function of the flexor and extensor retinaculum?

A

It hold the tendons of the wrist in place during movement

25
Q

What is the flexor retinaculum also known as?

A

The carpal tunnel

26
Q

Where does flexor digitorum superficialis insert?

A

In the middle phalanx

27
Q

Where does flexor digitorum profundus insert?

A

At the distal phalanx

28
Q

What is the cubital fossa?

A

The triangle region over the anterior elbow

29
Q

What are the veins of the forearm?

A

Cephalic vein
Basilic vein
Median cubital vein

30
Q

What does the brachial artery divide into?

A

The radial artery
-Under brachioradialis

Ulnar artery
-Under flexor carpi ulnaris and it gives off the common interosseous

31
Q

Which nerve supplies most of the muscles of the flexor compartment of the forearm?

A

The median nerve

32
Q

Which muscles does the median nerve lie between?

A

Flexor digitorum profundus and flexor digitorum superficialis

33
Q

Which nerve passes through the carpel tunnel?

A

The median nerve

34
Q

What is the musicians nerve?

A

The ulnar nerve because it supplies all the intrinsic muscles of the hand

35
Q

What is cubital tunnel syndrome?

A

The ulnar nerve passing over the elbow joint becomes inflamed and irritated

36
Q

What are the 2 branches of the radial nerve?

A

Superficial (sensory)
-Found under the brachioradialis and winds round the dorsum of the hand

Deep branch, posterior interosseous nerve (motor)
-Passes through the supinator muscles and enters the extensor compartment

37
Q

Which cutaneous nerves supply each part of the forearm?

A

median nerve: lateral half of the hand and d1-3 and half of d4. tips of fingers on the dorsal hand as well

Radial nerve: rest of the hand and middle part of the forearm

Ulnar nerve: half of d4 and 5

Medial cutaneous nerve of the arm: medial half of the forearm

Lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm: lateral half of the forearm

2.3 T2: Musculoskeletal system (13 decks)

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