T2 L5: Anatomy of the forearm Flashcards
What are the 2 types of joints the the arm?
A synovial hinge joint at the elbow
A synovial pivot joint and the radioulnar joint
What are the 5 ligaments that stabilise/ strengthen the radioulnar joint?
Lateral epicondyle Radial collateral ligament Annular ligament Medial epicondyle Ulnar collateral ligament
What is the olecranon process?
The elbow
What is the coronoid process?
It’s found next to the olecranon process and it fits in with the humorus
What is the capitilum of the humerus?
It articulates with the head of the radius
What is the trochlea of the humerus?
Articulates with the trochlear notch on the ulnar bone
What are the 2 joints that help perform pronation and supination of the forearm?
Proximal and distal radioulnar joints
What does carpi mean in a name?
That something attaches distally to the carpal bones
What does digitorum mean in a name?
That the distal attachment is in the digits of the hand
What does pollicis mean in a name?
That is attaches to the thumb
Which 4 muscles originate from the medial epicondyle?
Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Which muscles make up the superficial flexor layer on the forearm?
Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Which muscles make up the intermediate flexor layer on the forearm?
The flexor digitorum superficialis
Which muscles make up the deep flexor layer on the forearm?
Flexor pollicis longus
Flexor digitorum profundus
Pronator quadratus
Which muscles make up the superficial extensor layer of the forearm?
Extensor carpi radialis longus/brevis Extensor digitorum Extensor digiti minimi Extensor carpi ulnaris Brachioradialis Anceneus
Which muscles are accessory to the extensor digitorum?
Extensor digiti minimi and extensor indicis
What is the function of the brachioradialis muscle?
It’s a flexor when half pronated
What is the function of the Anconeus muscle?
It stabilises the elbow
Which muscles make up the deep flexor layer of the forearm?
Supinator Abductor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis Extensor pollicis longus Extensor indicis
Which muscles make up the anatomical snuff box?
Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Extensor pollicis longus
Which muscles allow abduction at the wrist joint?
Flexor carpi radialis
Extensor carpi radialis (longus + brevis)
Which muscles allow adduction at the wrist joint?
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Extensor carpi ulnaris
What are the muscles involved in pronation and supination of the forearm?
Supination:
- Biceps brachii
- Supinator
Pronation:
- Pronator teres
- Pronator quadratus
What is the function of the flexor and extensor retinaculum?
It hold the tendons of the wrist in place during movement
What is the flexor retinaculum also known as?
The carpal tunnel
Where does flexor digitorum superficialis insert?
In the middle phalanx
Where does flexor digitorum profundus insert?
At the distal phalanx
What is the cubital fossa?
The triangle region over the anterior elbow
What are the veins of the forearm?
Cephalic vein
Basilic vein
Median cubital vein
What does the brachial artery divide into?
The radial artery
-Under brachioradialis
Ulnar artery
-Under flexor carpi ulnaris and it gives off the common interosseous
Which nerve supplies most of the muscles of the flexor compartment of the forearm?
The median nerve
Which muscles does the median nerve lie between?
Flexor digitorum profundus and flexor digitorum superficialis
Which nerve passes through the carpel tunnel?
The median nerve
What is the musicians nerve?
The ulnar nerve because it supplies all the intrinsic muscles of the hand
What is cubital tunnel syndrome?
The ulnar nerve passing over the elbow joint becomes inflamed and irritated
What are the 2 branches of the radial nerve?
Superficial (sensory)
-Found under the brachioradialis and winds round the dorsum of the hand
Deep branch, posterior interosseous nerve (motor)
-Passes through the supinator muscles and enters the extensor compartment
Which cutaneous nerves supply each part of the forearm?
median nerve: lateral half of the hand and d1-3 and half of d4. tips of fingers on the dorsal hand as well
Radial nerve: rest of the hand and middle part of the forearm
Ulnar nerve: half of d4 and 5
Medial cutaneous nerve of the arm: medial half of the forearm
Lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm: lateral half of the forearm
