T2 L5: Anatomy of the forearm

Question 1

What are the 2 types of joints the the arm?

Answer 1

A synovial hinge joint at the elbow

A synovial pivot joint and the radioulnar joint

Question 2

What are the 5 ligaments that stabilise/ strengthen the radioulnar joint?

Answer 2

Lateral epicondyle
Radial collateral ligament 
Annular ligament
Medial epicondyle
Ulnar collateral ligament

Question 3

What is the olecranon process?

Answer 3

The elbow

Question 4

What is the coronoid process?

Answer 4

It’s found next to the olecranon process and it fits in with the humorus

Question 5

What is the capitilum of the humerus?

Answer 5

It articulates with the head of the radius

Question 6

What is the trochlea of the humerus?

Answer 6

Articulates with the trochlear notch on the ulnar bone

Question 7

What are the 2 joints that help perform pronation and supination of the forearm?

Answer 7

Proximal and distal radioulnar joints

Question 8

What does carpi mean in a name?

Answer 8

That something attaches distally to the carpal bones

Question 9

What does digitorum mean in a name?

Answer 9

That the distal attachment is in the digits of the hand

Question 10

What does pollicis mean in a name?

Answer 10

That is attaches to the thumb

Question 11

Which 4 muscles originate from the medial epicondyle?

Answer 11

Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 12

Which muscles make up the superficial flexor layer on the forearm?

Answer 12

Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 13

Which muscles make up the intermediate flexor layer on the forearm?

Answer 13

The flexor digitorum superficialis

Question 14

Which muscles make up the deep flexor layer on the forearm?

Answer 14

Flexor pollicis longus
Flexor digitorum profundus
Pronator quadratus

Question 15

Which muscles make up the superficial extensor layer of the forearm?

Answer 15

Extensor carpi radialis longus/brevis
Extensor digitorum
Extensor digiti minimi 
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Brachioradialis
Anceneus

Question 16

Which muscles are accessory to the extensor digitorum?

Answer 16

Extensor digiti minimi and extensor indicis

Question 17

What is the function of the brachioradialis muscle?

Answer 17

It’s a flexor when half pronated

Question 18

What is the function of the Anconeus muscle?

Answer 18

It stabilises the elbow

Question 19

Which muscles make up the deep flexor layer of the forearm?

Answer 19

Supinator
Abductor pollicis longus 
Extensor pollicis brevis
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor indicis

Question 20

Which muscles make up the anatomical snuff box?

Answer 20

Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Extensor pollicis longus

Question 21

Which muscles allow abduction at the wrist joint?

Answer 21

Flexor carpi radialis

Extensor carpi radialis (longus + brevis)

Question 22

Which muscles allow adduction at the wrist joint?

Answer 22

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Question 23

What are the muscles involved in pronation and supination of the forearm?

Answer 23

Supination:

• Biceps brachii
• Supinator

Pronation:

• Pronator teres
• Pronator quadratus

Question 24

What is the function of the flexor and extensor retinaculum?

Answer 24

It hold the tendons of the wrist in place during movement

Question 25

What is the flexor retinaculum also known as?

Answer 25

The carpal tunnel

Question 26

Where does flexor digitorum superficialis insert?

Answer 26

In the middle phalanx

Question 27

Where does flexor digitorum profundus insert?

Answer 27

At the distal phalanx

Question 28

What is the cubital fossa?

Answer 28

The triangle region over the anterior elbow

Question 29

What are the veins of the forearm?

Answer 29

Cephalic vein Basilic vein Median cubital vein

Question 30

What does the brachial artery divide into?

Answer 30

The radial artery -Under brachioradialis Ulnar artery -Under flexor carpi ulnaris and it gives off the common interosseous

Question 31

Which nerve supplies most of the muscles of the flexor compartment of the forearm?

Answer 31

The median nerve

Question 32

Which muscles does the median nerve lie between?

Answer 32

Flexor digitorum profundus and flexor digitorum superficialis

Question 33

Which nerve passes through the carpel tunnel?

Answer 33

The median nerve

Question 34

What is the musicians nerve?

Answer 34

The ulnar nerve because it supplies all the intrinsic muscles of the hand

Question 35

What is cubital tunnel syndrome?

Answer 35

The ulnar nerve passing over the elbow joint becomes inflamed and irritated

Question 36

What are the 2 branches of the radial nerve?

Answer 36

Superficial (sensory) -Found under the brachioradialis and winds round the dorsum of the hand Deep branch, posterior interosseous nerve (motor) -Passes through the supinator muscles and enters the extensor compartment

Question 37

Which cutaneous nerves supply each part of the forearm?

Answer 37

median nerve: lateral half of the hand and d1-3 and half of d4. tips of fingers on the dorsal hand as well Radial nerve: rest of the hand and middle part of the forearm Ulnar nerve: half of d4 and 5 Medial cutaneous nerve of the arm: medial half of the forearm Lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm: lateral half of the forearm