T2 L6: Anatomy of the hand Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of bone in the hand?

A

The carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges bones

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2
Q

What are the 8 carpel bones?

A
Scaphoid 
Lunate 
Triquetral 
Pisiform 
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate
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3
Q

What are some complications of a scaphoid fracture?

A

There is poor radial blood supply to the proximal part of the bone so there will be avascular necrosis id the injury is not fixed

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4
Q

What are the 6 joints in the hand?

A
  • Saddle joint at the thumb
  • Radiocarpal joint at the wrist
  • Midcarpal/ intercarpal
  • Carpometacarpal
  • Metacarpophalangeal
  • Interphalangeal
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5
Q

Which ligaments reinforce the radiocarpal joint?

A

Ulnar and radial collateral ligaments limit abduction/adduction

Ligaments on the palmar/dorsal surface limit extension/flexion

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6
Q

What types of joints are carpometacarpal joints?

A

plane joints apart from the saddle joint between trapezius and metacarpal d1

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7
Q

What types of joints are metacarpophalangeal joints?

A

Condyloid joints

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8
Q

What is the deep transverse metacarpal ligaments?

A

They unify the metacarpals but not between d1 and d2

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9
Q

What types of joints are interphalangeal joints?

A

Hinge joints

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10
Q

What is the clinical significance of the palmar aponeurosis?

A

It’s composed from longitudinal and transverse fibres and is continuous with palmaris longus

It’s where Dupuytren’s contracture occurs

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11
Q

In which digits is flexor digitorum and profundus found?

A

D2-D5 (all except thumb)

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12
Q

How do flexor digitorum profundus and superficialis interact?

A

They pass through eachother at the proximal interphalangeal joint

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13
Q

What are vinculae?

A

Bands of connective tissue that attach tendons to phalangeal bones

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14
Q

What are fibrous annular and cruciate ligaments?

A

They attach the finger tendons to the phalangeal bones

Annular are simple rounded, cruciate cross over the phalangeal joints

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15
Q

What are the names of the long extensor tendons to the digits?

A

D1

  • Extensor pollicis longus
  • Extensor pollicis brevis
  • Abductor pollicis longus

D2-D5

  • Extensor digitorum
  • Extensor indicis
  • Extensor digit minimi

They extend from muscles in the posterior forearm

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16
Q

What muscles attach to the extensor hood of fingers?

A

Intrinsic muscles of the hand (the lumbricals and the interossei)

17
Q

What is the clinical significance of the anatomical snuff box?

A

To palpate the scaphoid bone and the radial pulse

18
Q

What are the boundaries of the anatomical snuff box?

A

Extensor pollicis brevis and extensor pollicis longus

19
Q

What is the function of the lumbricals?

A

They extend the interphalangeal joints and flex metacarpophalangeal joints

They’re for precision grip Eg. pinching

20
Q

Which digits have bifennate lumbricals?

A

d3,d4, and d5 (ring and pinky finger)

21
Q

What is the function of palmar interossi?

A

They adduct metacarpalphalangeal joints (bring finger together)

There are none on d1 and d3 because they don’t adduct (all fingers move away from d3)

22
Q

How many palmar interossei muscles are there?

23
Q

How many lumbricals are there?

A

4 (2 are bifennate)

24
Q

What is the function of dorsal interossei?

A

They abduct at the metacarpalphalangeal joint (bring fingers apart)

25
How many dorsal interossei muscles are there?
4 (d2, d3 x2, and d4)
26
Why are there no interossei muscles on d1 and d5?
Abduction is performed by thenar and hypothenar muscles instead
27
What is the origin of thenar and hypothenar bones?
Flexor retinaculum and adjacent carpal bones
28
Which muscles make up the thenar group?
Opponens pollicis (deepest) Abductor pollicis brevis Flexor pollicis brevis
29
Which muscles make up the hypothenar group?
Opponens digiti minimi (deepest) Abductor digiti minimi Flexor digiti minimi
30
What are the intrinsic muscles of the hand?
``` Thenar Hypothenar Lumbricles Interossei Adductor pollicis ```
31
Which muscles performs adduction of the thumb?
Adductor pollicis It has an oblique head based on 2nd and 3rd metacarpal and carpal bones and it has a transverse head attaches to the 3rd metacarpal It attaches to the proximal phalanx
32
Which artery supplies d1 and 1/2 d2?
Radial artery
33
Which artery forms the deep palmar arch?
Radial artery
34
Which artery forms the superficial palmar arch?
Ulnar artery
35
Which artery supplies 1/2 d4 - d5?
Ulnar artery
36
Which nerve passes through the carpal tunnel?
The median nerve
37
What causes a clawed hand?
Damage to the ulnar nerve at the wrist