T2 L2: Nerve and blood supply to the upper limb

Question 1

What are the 3 branches of the arch of the aorta?

Answer 1

Brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery and right subclavian artery

The left subclavian artery branches off the brachiocephalic trunk

Question 2

When does the subclavian artery pass through the scalene triangle?

Answer 2

When it passes over the first rib

Question 3

What are the 3 divisions of the subclavian artery and how are they divided?

Answer 3

1st: medial to scalenus anterior
2nd: behind scalenus anterior
3rd: Lateral to scalenus anterior

Question 4

What are the branches from each division of the subclavian artery?

Answer 4

1st: TVI.
- Thyrocervical trunk to thyroid, cervical and scapular. It contributes to the scapular anastomosis
- Vertebral artery
- Internal thoracic artery

2nd: Costocervical trunk
3rd: Dorsal scapular artery (can be from 3rd or 2nd division) that contributes to the scapular anastomosis

Question 5

When does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery?

Answer 5

As is crosses outer border of the 1st rib

Question 6

What are the 3 divisions of the axillary artery and how are they divided?

Answer 6

1st: Medial to pectoralis minor
2nd: behind pectoralis minor
3rd: Lateral to pectoralis minor

Question 7

At which point does the axillary artery become the brachial artery?

Answer 7

After the lower border of teres major

Question 8

Which divisions of the axillary artery are closely associated with the brachial plexus?

Answer 8

The 1st and 2nd divisions

Question 9

Which 2 arteries branch off the 3rd division of the axillary artery?

Answer 9

• Subscapular branch to the scapular anastomosis

- Anterior/posterior circumflex humeral artery to the neck/shaft of the humerus

Question 10

Which artery can be damaged when there is a fracture to the neck of humerus?

Answer 10

The anterior/posterior circumflex artery

Question 11

Which artery supplies the flexors of the upper limb?

Answer 11

The brachial artery

Question 12

Which artery supplies the extensors of the upper limb?

Answer 12

The profunda brachii artery (a large branch from the brachial artery)

It travel across the spiral/radial groove of the humerus

Question 13

When does the brachial artery divide?

Answer 13

At the cubital fossa

Question 14

Which 2 arteries does the brachial artery divide into?

Answer 14

Into the radial (lateral) and ulnar (medial) artery

Question 15

Which nerve accompanies the profunda brachii artery in the spiral groove?

Answer 15

The radial nerve

Question 16

Which artery forms the deep palmar arch

Answer 16

Radial artery

Question 17

How does the radial artery travel through the wrist to the palm?

Answer 17

At the wrist, the radial artery winds around to the dorsal hand and goes through the anatomical snuff box and then pierces the first dorsal interosseus muscles towards the surface of the palm

Question 18

Which artery forms the superficial palmar arch?

Answer 18

The ulnar artery

Question 19

Which muscle covers the radial artery?

Answer 19

The brachioradialis muscle

Question 20

Which muscle covers the ulnar artery?

Answer 20

The flexor carpi ulnaris muscle

Question 21

Where is the deep palmar arch compared to the superficial arch?

Answer 21

Deep: below flexor tendons
Superficial: above flexor tendons

Question 22

Where does blood drain from the upper limbs?

Answer 22

Into the axillary vein and then the subclavian vein

Question 23

What types of veins are deep upper limb veins?

Answer 23

Paired venae comitantes that accompany arteries

Question 24

What are the 2 types of superficial veins in the upper limb?

Answer 24

Cephalic (lateral) and basilic (medial)

From the dorsal venous arch

Question 25

What are the 3 branches of superficial vein the the forearm?

Answer 25

Cephalic vein, median cubital vein, and the basilic vein

Question 26

What are the 3 lymph nodes in the upper limbs?

Answer 26

The deltopectoral node, axillary nodes, and cubital nodes

Question 27

What are the 5 divisions of the brachial plexus?

Answer 27

Root, trunk, divisions, cords, terminal branches

Question 28

Which vertebrae release the nerves of the brachial plexus?

Answer 28

C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1

Question 29

What does C5 innervate in the arm?

Answer 29

The deltoid muscle (arm abductor)

Question 30

What does C6 innervate in the arm?

Answer 30

The biceps (forearm flexors)

Question 31

What does C7 innervate in the arm?

Answer 31

The triceps (Forearm extensors, wrist flexors/extensors)

Question 32

What does C8 innervate in the arm?

Answer 32

The digit flexors/extensors

Question 33

What does T1 innervate in the arm?

Answer 33

The intrinsic hand muscles

Question 34

Which nerves combine to form each trunk of the brachial plexus?

Answer 34

C5+C6: superior trunk C7: middle trunk C8+T1: Inferior trunk

Question 35

Which triangle do the brachial plexus trunks pass through?

Answer 35

The scalene triangle

Question 36

From which trunk does the suprascapular nerve branch from?

Answer 36

The superior trunk

Question 37

Describe the divisions that each of the trunks of the brachial plexus form

Answer 37

Each trunk creates an anterior and posterior division

Question 38

Which divisions combine to form each of the cords?

Answer 38

- All the posterior division fuse to form the posterior cord - Superior and middle anterior divisions form the lateral cord - The Inferior anterior division continues as the medial cord Named in relation to the axillary artery

Question 39

Where are the cords of the brachial plexus found?

Answer 39

Under pectoralis minor

Question 40

What does the lateral cord terminate as?

Answer 40

The musculocutaneous nerve and lateral part of the median nerve

Question 41

To which parts of the upper limb does the musculocutaneous nerve provide motor and sensory info?

Answer 41

Motor: anterior arm Sensory: Lateral forearm

Question 42

What does the medial cord terminate as?

Answer 42

The medial part of the median nerve and ulnar nerve

Question 43

To which parts of the upper limb does the median nerve provide motor and sensory info?

Answer 43

Motor: anterior forearm and lateral hand Sensory: lateral palm and d1,2,3 and half d4

Question 44

To which parts of the upper limb does the ulnar nerve provide motor and sensory info?

Answer 44

Motor: Medial side anterior forearm and hand Sensory: Medial hand, half d4, and d5

Question 45

What does the posterior cord terminate as?

Answer 45

The radial and axillary nerve

Question 46

To which parts of the upper limb does the radial nerve provide motor and sensory info?

Answer 46

Motor: posterior arm and posterior forearm Sensory: Posterior arm, posterior forearm, and lateral dorsum hand Deep branch is motor and superficial branch is sensory

Question 47

To which parts of the upper limb does the axillary nerve provide motor and sensory info?

Answer 47

Motor: deltoid and teres minor Sensory: badge area of arm

Question 48

What are the names of all the terminal branches in the upper limb?

Answer 48

``` Musculocutaneous nerve Axillary nerve Median nerve Radial nerve Ulnar nerve ```