T2 L1: Morphology of the upper limb Flashcards

1
Q

How many carpal bones are there?

A

8

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2
Q

How many metacarpal bones are there?

A

5

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3
Q

How many phalanges bones are there?

A

14

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4
Q

What is the clinical presentation of radial nerve damage?

A

Wrist drop because those are the muscles it innervates

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5
Q

What is the Olecranon?

A

The elbow

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6
Q

Name some joints of the upper limb

A
Glenohumeral
Elbow
Radiocarpal (wrist)
Midcarpal 
Carpometacarpal
Metacarpophalangeal
Interphalangeal 
Saddle joint of the thumb
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7
Q

What is the movement of the thumb when it touches the other fingers?

A

Opposition

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8
Q

Which compartments of the upper limb are for flexion and which are for extension?

A

Anterior: Flexion
Posterior: Extension

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9
Q

What does brachii mean?

A

Arm

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10
Q

What are the 4 curvatures of the vertebral column?

A

Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral

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11
Q

What is the function of the anterior longitudinal ligament of the spine?

A

It resists hyperextension

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12
Q

What is the function of the posterior longitudinal ligament?

A

It resists hyperflexion

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13
Q

What is the function of the ligamentum flava?

A

It resists hyperflexion

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14
Q

What is the nucleus pulposus?

A

The core made our of partly fluid in intervertebral discs

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15
Q

What is the annulus fibrosus?

A

The strong outer part of interverbal discs

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16
Q

Is it true that the intervertebral discs get thinner down the vertebral column?

A

No. They get thicker

17
Q

What are facet joints?

A

The synovial joints between vertebral arches

18
Q

Name the types of joints there are and the movements they allow

A

Fibrous: Bones are joined by fibrous connective tissue. This allows for very little movement

Cartilaginous: When bones are joined by cartilage. It allow for some movement

Synovial: Allow bones to slide and rotate around each other allowing lots of movement

19
Q

What does degradation of the facet joins cause?

20
Q

Which types of movements are allowed at cervical vertebrae any why?

A

Flexion, extension, and rotation

There is a slight slope in the synovial joint angles

21
Q

Which types of movements are allowed at the thoracic vertebrae any why?

A

Rotation only

The synovial angles are near vertical

22
Q

Which types of movements are allowed at lumbar vertebrae and why?

A

Flexion/extension only

Because the synovial joints wrap the bone

23
Q

What are intrinsic and extrinsic muscles?

A

Extrinsic: superficial and intermediate bones that were not there originally during development

Intrinsic: Deep muscles that have always been there

24
Q

What is the function of the latissimus dorsi muscle?

A

It adducts/extends/medially rotates the arm

25
What is the function of the levator scapulae muscle and where is it found?
It's found just deep to the trapezius and it elevates the scapula
26
What is the function of the Rhomboids muscles and where are they found?
They are found deep to the trapezius muscle. The major and minor Rhomboids retract the scapula
27
What are the 3 layers of deep back muscles?
1. Splenius: most superficial found in the neck 2. Erector spinae: main group 3. Multifidus: Very deep
28
What are the 3 muscle blocks of erector spinae muscles and where does each attach?
Spinales: attach to the spinous processes Longissimus: attach to transverse processes Illiocostalis: attach to ribs
29
What is the origin of erector spinae muscles?
The erector spinae aponeurosis
30
What is the function of multifidus muscles?
They stabilise the vertebral column
31
What does the anterior primary ramus supply?
Extrinsic muscles of the back
32
What does the posterior primary ramus supply?
The intrinsic muscles of the back