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2.3 T2: Musculoskeletal system > T2 L1: Morphology of the upper limb > Flashcards

T2 L1: Morphology of the upper limb Flashcards

1
Q

How many carpal bones are there?

A

8

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2
Q

How many metacarpal bones are there?

A

5

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3
Q

How many phalanges bones are there?

A

14

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4
Q

What is the clinical presentation of radial nerve damage?

A

Wrist drop because those are the muscles it innervates

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5
Q

What is the Olecranon?

A

The elbow

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6
Q

Name some joints of the upper limb

A 
Glenohumeral
Elbow
Radiocarpal (wrist)
Midcarpal 
Carpometacarpal
Metacarpophalangeal
Interphalangeal 
Saddle joint of the thumb
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7
Q

What is the movement of the thumb when it touches the other fingers?

A

Opposition

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8
Q

Which compartments of the upper limb are for flexion and which are for extension?

A

Anterior: Flexion
Posterior: Extension

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9
Q

What does brachii mean?

A

Arm

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10
Q

What are the 4 curvatures of the vertebral column?

A

Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral

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11
Q

What is the function of the anterior longitudinal ligament of the spine?

A

It resists hyperextension

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12
Q

What is the function of the posterior longitudinal ligament?

A

It resists hyperflexion

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13
Q

What is the function of the ligamentum flava?

A

It resists hyperflexion

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14
Q

What is the nucleus pulposus?

A

The core made our of partly fluid in intervertebral discs

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15
Q

What is the annulus fibrosus?

A

The strong outer part of interverbal discs

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16
Q

Is it true that the intervertebral discs get thinner down the vertebral column?

A

No. They get thicker

17
Q

What are facet joints?

A

The synovial joints between vertebral arches

18
Q

Name the types of joints there are and the movements they allow

A

Fibrous: Bones are joined by fibrous connective tissue. This allows for very little movement

Cartilaginous: When bones are joined by cartilage. It allow for some movement

Synovial: Allow bones to slide and rotate around each other allowing lots of movement

19
Q

What does degradation of the facet joins cause?

A

Back pain

20
Q

Which types of movements are allowed at cervical vertebrae any why?

A

Flexion, extension, and rotation

There is a slight slope in the synovial joint angles

21
Q

Which types of movements are allowed at the thoracic vertebrae any why?

A

Rotation only

The synovial angles are near vertical

22
Q

Which types of movements are allowed at lumbar vertebrae and why?

A

Flexion/extension only

Because the synovial joints wrap the bone

23
Q

What are intrinsic and extrinsic muscles?

A

Extrinsic: superficial and intermediate bones that were not there originally during development

Intrinsic: Deep muscles that have always been there

24
Q

What is the function of the latissimus dorsi muscle?

A

It adducts/extends/medially rotates the arm

25
Q

What is the function of the levator scapulae muscle and where is it found?

A

It’s found just deep to the trapezius and it elevates the scapula

26
Q

What is the function of the Rhomboids muscles and where are they found?

A

They are found deep to the trapezius muscle. The major and minor Rhomboids retract the scapula

27
Q

What are the 3 layers of deep back muscles?

A
  1. Splenius: most superficial found in the neck
  2. Erector spinae: main group
  3. Multifidus: Very deep
28
Q

What are the 3 muscle blocks of erector spinae muscles and where does each attach?

A

Spinales: attach to the spinous processes
Longissimus: attach to transverse processes
Illiocostalis: attach to ribs

29
Q

What is the origin of erector spinae muscles?

A

The erector spinae aponeurosis

30
Q

What is the function of multifidus muscles?

A

They stabilise the vertebral column

31
Q

What does the anterior primary ramus supply?

A

Extrinsic muscles of the back

32
Q

What does the posterior primary ramus supply?

A

The intrinsic muscles of the back

2.3 T2: Musculoskeletal system (13 decks)

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