T2 L1: Morphology of the upper limb Flashcards
How many carpal bones are there?
8
How many metacarpal bones are there?
5
How many phalanges bones are there?
14
What is the clinical presentation of radial nerve damage?
Wrist drop because those are the muscles it innervates
What is the Olecranon?
The elbow
Name some joints of the upper limb
Glenohumeral Elbow Radiocarpal (wrist) Midcarpal Carpometacarpal Metacarpophalangeal Interphalangeal Saddle joint of the thumb
What is the movement of the thumb when it touches the other fingers?
Opposition
Which compartments of the upper limb are for flexion and which are for extension?
Anterior: Flexion
Posterior: Extension
What does brachii mean?
Arm
What are the 4 curvatures of the vertebral column?
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral
What is the function of the anterior longitudinal ligament of the spine?
It resists hyperextension
What is the function of the posterior longitudinal ligament?
It resists hyperflexion
What is the function of the ligamentum flava?
It resists hyperflexion
What is the nucleus pulposus?
The core made our of partly fluid in intervertebral discs
What is the annulus fibrosus?
The strong outer part of interverbal discs
Is it true that the intervertebral discs get thinner down the vertebral column?
No. They get thicker
What are facet joints?
The synovial joints between vertebral arches
Name the types of joints there are and the movements they allow
Fibrous: Bones are joined by fibrous connective tissue. This allows for very little movement
Cartilaginous: When bones are joined by cartilage. It allow for some movement
Synovial: Allow bones to slide and rotate around each other allowing lots of movement
What does degradation of the facet joins cause?
Back pain
Which types of movements are allowed at cervical vertebrae any why?
Flexion, extension, and rotation
There is a slight slope in the synovial joint angles
Which types of movements are allowed at the thoracic vertebrae any why?
Rotation only
The synovial angles are near vertical
Which types of movements are allowed at lumbar vertebrae and why?
Flexion/extension only
Because the synovial joints wrap the bone
What are intrinsic and extrinsic muscles?
Extrinsic: superficial and intermediate bones that were not there originally during development
Intrinsic: Deep muscles that have always been there
What is the function of the latissimus dorsi muscle?
It adducts/extends/medially rotates the arm
What is the function of the levator scapulae muscle and where is it found?
It’s found just deep to the trapezius and it elevates the scapula
What is the function of the Rhomboids muscles and where are they found?
They are found deep to the trapezius muscle. The major and minor Rhomboids retract the scapula
What are the 3 layers of deep back muscles?
- Splenius: most superficial found in the neck
- Erector spinae: main group
- Multifidus: Very deep
What are the 3 muscle blocks of erector spinae muscles and where does each attach?
Spinales: attach to the spinous processes
Longissimus: attach to transverse processes
Illiocostalis: attach to ribs
What is the origin of erector spinae muscles?
The erector spinae aponeurosis
What is the function of multifidus muscles?
They stabilise the vertebral column
What does the anterior primary ramus supply?
Extrinsic muscles of the back
What does the posterior primary ramus supply?
The intrinsic muscles of the back
