T2: Differing political views, 1789-93

Question 1

what was the aim of the Jacobin club when it was first established?

Answer 1

• to preserve the gains of the revolution
• ensure stability of city to protect property and interests of bourgeoisie

Question 2

when was the Jacobin club established?

Answer 2

late 1789

Question 3

what type of people did the Jacobin club attract when first established and what were its entrance fees?

Answer 3

wealthy liberal constitutional monarchists, high entrance fees

Question 4

stats for membership of the Jacobin club?

Answer 4

1,200 members in Paris and 152 affiliated clubs across France by 1790

Question 5

what club emerged from the Jacobin Club?

Answer 5

Feuillants

Question 6

when did the Feuillants break away from the Jacobin club?

Answer 6

July 1791, after flight to Varennes

Question 7

why did the Feuillants break away from the Jacobins?

Answer 7

after Flight to Varennes some more radical Jacobins supported a petition calling for removal of king (led by Robespierre). more moderate members broke away and formed Feuillants

Question 8

what happened to the Jacobin club after the removal of their more moderate elements in July 1791?

Answer 8

became a republican faction led by Robespierre

Question 9

when was Robespierre elected president of the Jacobin club?

Answer 9

march 1790

Question 10

what was Robespierre nicknamed and why?

Answer 10

‘the incorruptible’, due to unwavering beliefs in liberal justice, opposed death penalty

Question 11

why was Robespierre elected president of the Jacobin club in march 1790?

Answer 11

his more radical views appealed to some members

Question 12

what did the Cordeliers club believe?

Answer 12

• that the reforms of the Constituent Assembly fell short of the principles enshrined in the Declaration of the Rights of Man
• opposed distinction of active bs passive citizens
• duty to stand up for the oppressed
• believed in popular action and insurrection to hold gov accountable

Question 13

when was the Cordeliers club created?

Answer 13

spring 1790

Question 14

who established the Cordeliers club?

Answer 14

Danton

Question 15

why did Danton establish the Cordeliers?

Answer 15

believed the CA didn’t represent the interests of the lower classes

Question 16

what did the Girondins believe in?

Answer 16

republicans, wanted monarchy abolished

Question 17

who established the Girondins?

Answer 17

Brissot

Question 18

what type of people did the Cordeliers attract?

Answer 18

educated members of the public, lower entrance fees

Question 19

when were the Girondins created?

Answer 19

April 1792

Question 20

how were the Girondins created?

Answer 20

Brissot surrounding himself with like-minded people, all skilled orators

Question 21

were the Jacobins pro or anti war with Austria?

Answer 21

anti

Question 22

were the Girondins pro or anti war with Austria?

Answer 22

pro

Question 23

what club had Brissot previously been a member of? why did he leave?

Answer 23

Jacobins, left over disagreement about war with Austria

Question 24

what was the economic climate like in the months and years after the revolution of summer 1789?

Answer 24

economic conditions continues to decline.
- inflation (partly due to overprinting of assignats)
- bad harvest 1791 increased bread prices

Question 25

why were the economic conditions poor in the months and years after 1789?

Answer 25

- inflation, partly due to overprinting of assignats by CA - bad harvest 1791 increased bread prices

Question 26

when was there a bad harvest?

Answer 26

1791

Question 27

why was inflation high/?

Answer 27

partly due to assignat being overprinted

Question 28

what happened as a result of the poor economic conditions under the CA?

Answer 28

wave of strikes and riots in 1791 - National Guard sent to maintain order

Question 29

what did the rioters and demonstrators of Paris become known as?

Answer 29

the sans-culottes

Question 30

what caused unrest in Paris in 1791?

Answer 30

- economic conditions - radicalisation and agitation of political clubs

Question 31

how was unrest in Paris both the cause and consequence of radicalism of political clubs?

Answer 31

- fuelled by agitators (consequence) - added legitimacy to the argument that the revolution had not gone far enough towards equality (cause)

Question 32

what was the unofficial uniform of the SC?

Answer 32

red liberty cap striped trousers short, straight hair

Question 33

what would sans-culottes call each other?

Answer 33

'citizen'

Question 34

who were 2 leaders still in support of constitutional monarchy?

Answer 34

- Lafayette - Mirabeau

Question 35

who was Mirabeau and what did he believe?

Answer 35

one of the leading politicians in the CA in the early revolution, opposed despotism but not a republican

Question 36

why was Mirabeau accused of being a monarchist?

Answer 36

- worked with royal family to try and reach a compromise between them and the radical deputies of the CA - emerged that he was being paid by royal court to support their cause in late 1790

Question 37

when did it emerge that Mirabeau was being paid by the royal court?

Answer 37

late 1790

Question 38

what de-legitamised Mirabeau?

Answer 38

emerged he was being paid by royal court to support their cause

Question 39

what was the impact of the Mirabeau scandal?

Answer 39

negative press- made other deputies less willing to work with the king

Question 40

when did Mirabeau die?

Answer 40

April 1791

Question 41

what was the impact of Mirabeau's death?

Answer 41

another blow to those favouring constitutional monarchy

Question 42

how did Lafayette try to prevent radicalism?

Answer 42

through National Guard

Question 43

what did Lafayette use the NG to try to do?

Answer 43

prevent radicalism

Question 44

when was the Monarchy club established in Paris?

Answer 44

1790

Question 45

what did the Monarchy club want?

Answer 45

complete restoration of Louis' position

Question 46

were the Monarchy club popular?

Answer 46

no- ceased to exist by spring 1791 for this reason

Question 47

what was the impact of the Monarchy club?

Answer 47

helped fuel fears of counter-revolution

Question 48

was republicanism popular in this period?

Answer 48

NO! as CA worked towards new constitution, majority of deputies remained in favour of constitutional monarchy