T2: Differing political views, 1789-93 Flashcards
what was the aim of the Jacobin club when it was first established?
- to preserve the gains of the revolution
- ensure stability of city to protect property and interests of bourgeoisie
when was the Jacobin club established?
late 1789
what type of people did the Jacobin club attract when first established and what were its entrance fees?
wealthy liberal constitutional monarchists, high entrance fees
stats for membership of the Jacobin club?
1,200 members in Paris and 152 affiliated clubs across France by 1790
what club emerged from the Jacobin Club?
Feuillants
when did the Feuillants break away from the Jacobin club?
July 1791, after flight to Varennes
why did the Feuillants break away from the Jacobins?
after Flight to Varennes some more radical Jacobins supported a petition calling for removal of king (led by Robespierre). more moderate members broke away and formed Feuillants
what happened to the Jacobin club after the removal of their more moderate elements in July 1791?
became a republican faction led by Robespierre
when was Robespierre elected president of the Jacobin club?
march 1790
what was Robespierre nicknamed and why?
‘the incorruptible’, due to unwavering beliefs in liberal justice, opposed death penalty
why was Robespierre elected president of the Jacobin club in march 1790?
his more radical views appealed to some members
what did the Cordeliers club believe?
- that the reforms of the Constituent Assembly fell short of the principles enshrined in the Declaration of the Rights of Man
- opposed distinction of active bs passive citizens
- duty to stand up for the oppressed
- believed in popular action and insurrection to hold gov accountable
when was the Cordeliers club created?
spring 1790
who established the Cordeliers club?
Danton
why did Danton establish the Cordeliers?
believed the CA didn’t represent the interests of the lower classes
what did the Girondins believe in?
republicans, wanted monarchy abolished
who established the Girondins?
Brissot
what type of people did the Cordeliers attract?
educated members of the public, lower entrance fees
when were the Girondins created?
April 1792
how were the Girondins created?
Brissot surrounding himself with like-minded people, all skilled orators
were the Jacobins pro or anti war with Austria?
anti
were the Girondins pro or anti war with Austria?
pro
what club had Brissot previously been a member of? why did he leave?
Jacobins, left over disagreement about war with Austria
what was the economic climate like in the months and years after the revolution of summer 1789?
economic conditions continues to decline.
- inflation (partly due to overprinting of assignats)
- bad harvest 1791 increased bread prices
why were the economic conditions poor in the months and years after 1789?
- inflation, partly due to overprinting of assignats by CA
- bad harvest 1791 increased bread prices
when was there a bad harvest?
1791
why was inflation high/?
partly due to assignat being overprinted
what happened as a result of the poor economic conditions under the CA?
wave of strikes and riots in 1791 - National Guard sent to maintain order
what did the rioters and demonstrators of Paris become known as?
the sans-culottes
what caused unrest in Paris in 1791?
- economic conditions
- radicalisation and agitation of political clubs
how was unrest in Paris both the cause and consequence of radicalism of political clubs?
- fuelled by agitators (consequence)
- added legitimacy to the argument that the revolution had not gone far enough towards equality (cause)
what was the unofficial uniform of the SC?
red liberty cap
striped trousers
short, straight hair
what would sans-culottes call each other?
‘citizen’
who were 2 leaders still in support of constitutional monarchy?
- Lafayette
- Mirabeau
who was Mirabeau and what did he believe?
one of the leading politicians in the CA in the early revolution, opposed despotism but not a republican
why was Mirabeau accused of being a monarchist?
- worked with royal family to try and reach a compromise between them and the radical deputies of the CA
- emerged that he was being paid by royal court to support their cause in late 1790
when did it emerge that Mirabeau was being paid by the royal court?
late 1790
what de-legitamised Mirabeau?
emerged he was being paid by royal court to support their cause
what was the impact of the Mirabeau scandal?
negative press- made other deputies less willing to work with the king
when did Mirabeau die?
April 1791
what was the impact of Mirabeau’s death?
another blow to those favouring constitutional monarchy
how did Lafayette try to prevent radicalism?
through National Guard
what did Lafayette use the NG to try to do?
prevent radicalism
when was the Monarchy club established in Paris?
1790
what did the Monarchy club want?
complete restoration of Louis’ position
were the Monarchy club popular?
no- ceased to exist by spring 1791 for this reason
what was the impact of the Monarchy club?
helped fuel fears of counter-revolution
was republicanism popular in this period?
NO! as CA worked towards new constitution, majority of deputies remained in favour of constitutional monarchy
