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History- FR > T1: Onset of the revolution > Flashcards

T1: Onset of the revolution Flashcards

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1
Q

When does Louis agree to summon the Estates-General?

A

Aug 1788

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2
Q

Under that circumstances are the Estates-General called?

A

in times of national emergency to represent public opinion - in this case bankruptcy

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3
Q

What was the name of Abbe Sieyes’ publication in response to Necker asking for input on how the Estates-General should be organised?

A

What is the Third Estate?

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4
Q

who published What is the Third Estate?

A

Abbe Sieyes

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5
Q

When did Abbe Sieyes publish What is the Third Estate?

A

Jan 1789

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6
Q

What did Abbe Sieyes say in What is the Third Estate?

A

3rd Estate is the only legitimate estate, contributes most to French economy, should entirely replace 1st + 2nd estates

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7
Q

what was the name of the lists of grievances?

A

cahiers de doleances

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8
Q

when were the cahiers de doleances drawn up?

A

march-april 1789

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9
Q

what were the cahiers de doleances?

A

lists of grievances the people of France wanted to be discussed at the Estates-General

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10
Q

how did the cahiers represent a challenge to Louis’ power?

A

criticism of Louis allowed, voice given to all people

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11
Q

louis’ hopes vs reality for cahiers?

A

Louis had hoped Estates-General would mainly be a meeting about finance, but cahiers brought up many other concerns - many even called for a new constitution.

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12
Q

when and where did the Estates General convene?

A

Palace of Versailles 5th May 1789

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13
Q

how was voting done in the Estates-General? what was the consequence of this?

A

by Estate, not by head. meant 1st + 2nd would always be able to outvote 3rd

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14
Q

how many deputies did each estate have in the Estates-General?

A

3rd estate had twice as many as 1st + 2nd - meant to give equal say

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15
Q

what initially caused the most debate in the Estates General? what does this show?

A

how voting was carried out- many wanted it to be by head, rather than estate (including deps from 1st + 2nd) - showed desire for change

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16
Q

what did the 3rd Estate declare itself?

A

the National Assembly

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17
Q

when did the Third Estate declare itself the National Assembly?

A

17th June 1789

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18
Q

why did the Third Estate declare itself the National Assembly?

A

Louis had made no decisions regarding voting, ran out of patience

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19
Q

what did the National Assembly want to do and why did they believe they had the authority to do this?

A

said they were the body that would singly decide the constitution - they were the body that represented the largest proportion of the French people

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20
Q

what percentage of the population did the Third Estate make up?

A

98%

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21
Q

when did the First Estate vote to join the Third Estate in the National Assembly?

A

two days after it was formed- the 19th June 1789

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22
Q

what happened two days after the National Assembly was formed by the Third Estate?

A

the First Estate voted to join the Third Estate

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23
Q

what was the significance of the formation of the National Assembly?

A

substantial challenge to the power of the crown- attempting to make themselves the government of France

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24
Q

when was the Tennis Court Oath?

A

20th June 1789

25
Q

what was the Tennis Court Oath?

A

oath sworn by deputies of the Third Estate that the members of the National Assembly should never separate and meet until new constitution settled

26
Q

what was the significance of the Tennis Court Oath?

A

sworn as defiance against the king after it appeared as though he was trying to stop them meeting

27
Q

how was the National Assembly legitimised?

A

Seance Royal - Louis proposed a package of reforms to the three Estates - incl some reductions of his power but insisted privilages of 1+2 Estates remain and that NA = illegitimate.
members of 1+2 joined NA in defiance.
Louis out-manouevred and ordered remaininig deputies to join NA.

28
Q

what does Seance Royal mean?

A

royal session

29
Q

when was the Seance Royal that legitimised the National Assembly?

A

23-24th June 1789

30
Q

what was the significance of the legitimisation of the National Assembly by Louis?

A

gave away his power

31
Q

when did Louis call troops into Paris and Versailles?

A

July 1789

32
Q

why did Louis call troops into Paris and Versailles?

A

demonstrations had broken out in Paris support of the National Assembly and Louis feared open revolt

33
Q

how many troops did Louis station outside Paris?

A

20,000

34
Q

what city did Louis station 20,000 troops outside of?

A

Paris

35
Q

what was the consequence of Louis’ stationing of troops in Paris and Versailles?

A

caused alarm and anger when tensions already high, contributed to the Great Fear

36
Q

which cities did Louis station troops outside of in July 1789?

A

Paris and Versailles

37
Q

when was Necker dismissed (for the second time)?

A

11th July 1789

38
Q

why did Louis dismiss Necker?

A

due to his sympathies with the Third Estate

39
Q

what were the consequences of Necker’s dismissal?

A
  • triggered unrest in Paris due to anger
  • demonstrations turned violent- some Parisians armed themselves and attacked customs posts
40
Q

what is an example of violent demonstration in reaction to Necker’s dismissal?

A

armed Parisians attacked customs posts - incited by radical speakers at Palais Royal e.g. Duc D’Orleans, Desmoulins

41
Q

what triggered violent demonstrations in Paris in July 1789?

A

Louis’ dismissal of Necker as finance minister

42
Q

when was the storming of the Bastille?

A

14th July 1789

43
Q

long and short term causes of storming of the bastille?

A

long: tensions - high bread prices and taxes
short: Necker’s dismissal

44
Q

what was the symbolic significance of the Bastille?

A

fortress, symbol of despotism

45
Q

what happened in the storming of the Bastille?

A

Governor of Bastille stabbed and seven prisoners liberated

46
Q

what was the significance of the storming of the Bastille?

A

Louis had lost control of Paris and the political assemblies, no power in the capital

47
Q

what was a consequence of the storming of the Bastille?

A

Parisian bourgeoisie concerned about civil anarchy so established the Paris Commune to govern the city?

48
Q

what did the Parisian bourgeoisie establish after the storming of the Bastille?

A

the Paris Commune

49
Q

when was the Paris Commune established?

A

14th July 1789

50
Q

when is the National Guard established?

A

15th July 1789

51
Q

who is appointed commander of the National Guard?

A

Maquis de Lafayette

52
Q

what body is the National Guard established by?

A

the Paris Commune

53
Q

why does the Paris Commune establish the National Guard?

A

to keep order and protect interests of property owners against mob violence

54
Q

is the National Guard revolutionary?

A

yes- answers to Paris Commune and National Assembly
no- created to keep revolution from getting too bloody

55
Q

when was the Great Fear?

A

july-aug 1789

56
Q

what happened in the Great Fear?

A

farmers and peasants armed themselves and attacked manor houses and burned feudal documents (destroyed symbols of despotism in the countryside)

57
Q

what caused the Great Fear?

A

rumours that the aristocracy and king were conspiring to starve and burn out the 3rd Estate- due to kings stationing of troops in Paris and Versailles and events in Paris

58
Q

was the 1789 revolution a republican one?

A

NO- still no calls for republicanism

59
Q

what evidence is there for the 1789 revolution NOT being a republican one?

A
  • tricolour flay contained white - colour of the Bourbon monarchy
  • cahiers had favoured constitutional monarchy

History- FR (11 decks)

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