T3: Preconditions for terror Flashcards
what was a necessary precondition for the Terror to develop?
rise of Jacobins and fall of Girondins
when was the Terror?
sept 1793 - July 1794
how many people were executed in the Terror?
2,500 in Paris alone
15,000 total
how many were killed in Paris during the Terror?
2,500
what body drove the government during the Terror?
the Committee of Public Safety
who were the majority of victims of the Terror?
60 % peasants or working class people
why were the majority of victims of the Terror not royalists?
many ardent royalists or constitutional monarchists had fled France in 1792
when had the Revolutionary War begun?
1792
when did the Revolutionary War gain a new momentum?
early 1793
when did France make gains in the war against Austria and Prussia?
Sep 1792 - Jan 1793
when did the war start to go badly again for France?
Feb- March 1793
continued to go badly for Spring + Summer
in what way did the Revolutionary War intensify in Feb 1793?
French National Convention declared war against Britain, Holland and Spain
what countries was France at war with by end of Feb 1793?
Austria, Prussia, Britain, Holland, Spain and Piedmont-Sardinia (Italian states allied to Austria)
what are France’s enemies at this time collectively referred to as?
the ‘First Coalition’
what is an example of the war going badly for France?
suffered major defeat by Austrians at the Battle of Neerwinden March 1793
when was the Battle of Neerwinden?
18 March 1793
was the Battle of Neerwinden a failure of success for France?
failure
what was a consequence of the Battle of Neerwinden?
French General Dumouriez defected to the Austrians
what was the effect of Dumouriez’s defection?
- caused the Convention to question the loyalty of even its most renowned commanders
- made Girondins look bad - Dumouriez was a Girondin
When did Dumouriez defect to the Austrians?
April 1793
what is an example of the internal threat of Civil War to the Convention?
major uprising in the Vendee
when did the uprising in the Vendee begin?
11th March 1793
what caused the uprising in the Vendee?
- government had ordered levy of 300,000 conscripts to fight against First Coalition
- Vendee unwilling to fight and die for a gov whose policies they objected to
when did news of the levy reach the Vendee?
11th March 1793