T2 - Chapter 22 Infection Prevention and Control

Question 1

airborne precautions

Answer 1

measures taken to prevent the spread of diseases transmitted from an infected person by pathogens propelled through the air on particles smaller than 5 µm in size to a susceptible person’s eyes, nose, or mouth

Question 2

antimicrobial

Answer 2

able to destroy or suppress the growth of pathogens and other micro-organisms

Question 3

antiseptic

Answer 3

a substance that reduces the number of pathogens present on a surface

Question 4

asepsis

Answer 4

methods used to assure that an environment is as pathogen-free as possible

Question 5

aseptic

Answer 5

as pathogen free as possible

Question 6

bacteriostasis

Answer 6

the inhibition of further bacterial growth

Question 7

contact precautions

Answer 7

measures taken to prevent the spread of diseases transmitted by the physical transfer of pathogens to a susceptible host’s body surface

Question 8

contamination

Answer 8

the process of becoming unsterile or unclean

Question 9

disinfectant

Answer 9

any chemical agent used to destroy or inhibit the growth of harmful organisms

Question 10

droplet precautions

Answer 10

measures taken to prevent the spread of diseases transmitted from an infected person by pathogens propelled through the air on particles larger than 5 µm in size to a susceptible person’s eyes, nose, or mouth

Question 11

endemic

Answer 11

prevalent in or characteristic of a particular environment

Question 12

endogenous

Answer 12

produced within an organism or system rather than externally caused

Question 13

epidemic

Answer 13

extremely prevalent or widespread

Question 14

exogenous

Answer 14

externally caused rather than produced within an organism or system

Question 15

hyperendemic

Answer 15

at an especially high level of continued incidence in a population

Question 16

methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Answer 16

a strain of the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus that has become resistant to the antibacterial action of the antibiotic methicillin, a form of penicillin

Question 17

retrovirus

Answer 17

any of a large group of RNA-based viruses that tend to infect immunocompromised individuals, including the human immunodeficiency virus and many cancer-causing viruses

Question 18

vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA)

Answer 18

a strain of the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus that has become resistant to the antibacterial action of the antibiotic vancomycin

Question 19

nosocomial infection

Answer 19

hospital acquired infection

Question 20

what are the 6 links in the chain of infection?

Answer 20

infectious agent
reservoir
portal of exit
mode of transmission
portal of entry
susceptible host

Question 21

normal flora

Answer 21

microorganisms that are beneficial or essential to human health

Question 22

transient flora

Answer 22

normal microbes you acquire by coming into contact with objects or people

Question 23

resident flora

Answer 23

permanent inhabitants of skin and cant be removed with routine hygiene

Question 24

pathogens

Answer 24

microorganisms capable of causing disease

Question 25

virulence

Answer 25

power to cause disease

Question 26

reservoir

Answer 26

place where pathogens survive and multiply

Question 27

what is the difference between a local and systemic infection?

Answer 27

local: cause harm in a limited region
systemic: occur when pathogens invade blood or lymph and spread throughout the body

Question 28

what is bacteremia?

Answer 28

clinical presence of bacteria in the blood

Question 29

what is septicemia?

Answer 29

systemic infection spread through the blood

Question 30

exogenous

Answer 30

pathogen is acquired from the patients environment

Question 31

endogenous

Answer 31

pathogen arises from the patients normal flora

Question 32

what are the stages of an infection?

Answer 32

incubation
prodrome
illness
decline
convalescence

Question 33

epidemic

Answer 33

outbreak of disease that suddenly affects a large group of people in a geographic region

Question 34

pandemic

Answer 34

exceptionally widespread - may affect an entire country or the world

Question 35

what are the body’s primary defenses against infection?

Answer 35

normal flora
skin
respiratory tree
eyes
mouth
GI tract
anus

Question 36

what are the body’s secondary defenses?

Answer 36

phagocytosis
complement cascade
inflammation
fever

Question 37

what are the body’s tertiary defenses?

Answer 37

active immunity
specific immunity
lymphocytes

Question 38

natural active immunity

Answer 38

your body produces its own antibodies to fight an infection

Question 39

natural passive immunity

Answer 39

when antibodies are passed from one person to another

Question 40

artificial active immunity

Answer 40

immune response occurs when body is exposed to weakened or dead pathogens in a vaccine

Question 41

artificial passive immunity

Answer 41

protection from infection when person receives serum of antibodies produced from another person
ex: rabies

Question 42

cleaning

Answer 42

removal of visible soil from surfaces

Question 43

disinfecting

Answer 43

use of chemicals to remove pathogens

Question 44

sterilization

Answer 44

elimination of all microorganisms