T1 L3: Abdomen contents

Question 1

What does ‘chondra’ relate to?

Answer 1

Cartilage

Question 2

Where are the divisions for the 9 anatomical segments?

Answer 2

Right and left midclavicular lines. The transpyloric is at L1 and the lower one goes through the umbilicus or from one iliac tubercle to the other

Question 3

What muscle is for peristaltic movement?

Answer 3

The circular muscle

Question 4

What are the layers of an intestine from the middle?

Answer 4

Lumen, mucosa, muscularis mucosae, submucosa, circular muscle, longitudinal muscle, subserous CT, visceral peritoneum

Question 5

What is the serous layer of an intestine for?

Answer 5

Produces lubricating fluid

Question 6

What is the mucosal layer of an intestine for?

Answer 6

To secrete mucus and is involved in absorption

Question 7

What are the 3 divisions of the pharynx?

Answer 7

nasopharynx, oropharynx, and the laryngopharynx

Question 8

What are the 3 divisions of the small intestine?

Answer 8

Duodenum, jejunum, and the ilium

Question 9

What does deglutition mean?

Answer 9

Swallowing

Question 10

What happens when someone has cleft palate disease?

Answer 10

There is unwanted communication between the oral and nasal cavities

Question 11

At what level does the oesophagus pass through the diaphragmatic hiatus?

Answer 11

T10

Question 12

What is the pyloric sphincter?

Answer 12

Controls what leaves the stomach into the duodenum

Question 13

What connects the small intestine to the large intestine?

Answer 13

The caecum

Question 14

Where do the ducts from the pancreas and gall bladder open?

Answer 14

In the duodenum

Question 15

What happens in the jejunum/ilium?

Answer 15

Absorption. Its filled with circular folds, villi and microvilli to increase surface area

Question 16

What is the role of the large intestine?

Answer 16

Absorption of water

Question 17

What does secondarily peritoneal mean?

Answer 17

The structure wasn’t peritoneal during development but moved there during folding

Question 18

What is the artery, vein, lymphatic and nerve supply to the foregut?

Answer 18

Artery - celiac
Vein - portal
Lymphatics - celiac nodes 
sympathetic nerve - celiac ganglia 
parasympathetic nerve - vagus

Question 19

What is the artery, vein, lymphatic and nerve supply to the midgut?

Answer 19

Artery - superior mesenteric 
Vein - superior mesenteric
Lymphatic - superior mesenteric nodes 
sympathetic nerve - superior mesenteric ganglia 
parasympathetic nerve - vagus

Question 20

What is the artery, vein, lymphatic and nerve supply to the hindgut?

Answer 20

Artery - inferior mesenteric
Vein - inferior mesenteric
Lymphatic - inferior mesenteric nodes
Sympathetic nerve - inferior mesenteric ganglia
Parasympathetic nerve - pelvic splanchnic

Question 21

What artery do the arteries supplying the gut branch off from?

Answer 21

The aorta

Question 22

What do the branches of the superior mesenteric vessel supply?

Answer 22

Distal part of the duodenum to 2/3 transverse colon, jejunal and ileal branches, middle colic, right colic, ileocaecal

Question 23

What do the branches of the inferior mesenteric supply?

Answer 23

distal 1/3 transverse colon to half way down the anal canal, left colic, sigmoid, superior rectal