T1 L2: Peritoneal cavity Flashcards
What is gastrulation?
When the embryo develops into the 3 layers
What are the 3 layers during embryonic development?
Ectoderm (outermost), mesoderm (middle), and endoderm (innermost)
What are epitheliums?
They line surfaces that have contact with the outside world
What develops from the ectoderm?
Nervous system, eyes, skin, and ears
What develops from the mesoderm?
skeletal muscle, muscular system, renal system, and parts of the cardiovascular system
What develops from the endoderm?
Parts of the cardiovascular system and the gastrointestinal system
What does buccal refer to?
The mouth
What is a cloaca?
A membrane that separates the urinary and digestive tract. At 4 weeks of embryological development, it hasn’t yet developed
What organs make up the foregut?
Oesophagus, stomach, proximal half of duodenum, liver, and pancreas
What organs make up the midgut?
Distal half of duodenum, jejunum, ilium, cecum, ascending colon, and 3/4 transverse colon
What organs make up the hindgut?
1/4 transverse colon, descending and sigmoid colon, and rectum
What is peristalsis?
Movement of muscle that squeezes food down the Oesophagus and through the intestines
What is the role of the dorsal mesentry?
It attaches the gut organs to the posterior abdominal walls
Why does gut rotation cause vomiting?
The food can’t pass though the constriction so it comes back up
What are the two forms of gut rotation?
Duodenum constriction and midgut volvulus
What 4 structures does the dorsal mesentery give rise to?
Gastrosplenic ligament, lienorenal ligament, greater omentum, and the mesentery of the small and large intestine
What 3 structures does the ventral mesentery give rise to?
The ligaments around the liver, falciform ligament, and the lesser omentum
Where does the lesser omentum attach?
To the lesser curvature of stomach and to the back of the liver. It has a free edge
What connects the ASIS to to pubic tubercle?
The inguinal ligament
What does ASIS stand for?
Anterior Superior Iliac Spine
What muscle forms the ‘6-pack’?
Rectus abdominus
What 3 types of muscles make up the sides of the abdominal wall?
External and internal obliques and the transverse abdominus
What is an apaneurosis?
It has the same function as a tendon but is flat. It connects muscle to bone
What is the pubic symphysis?
It’s where the transverse abdominus and rectus abdominus meet
What 4 arteries supply the anterior abdominal wall?
Superior and inferior epigastric arteries, intercostal arteries, and the circumflex iliac artery
What vein drains the anterior abdominal wall?
The thoracoepigastric vein
What nerves innervate the anterior abdominal wall?
Thoracoabdominal nerves. Thoracic and subcostal nerves innervate the rectus abdominus too
What is the function of the external oblique muscle?
Work with internal oblique for torsional movement (moving chest without moving your legs)
What is the function of the internal oblique muscle?
Flex and rotate the trunk and to compress the viscera
What is the function of the transverse abdominus muscle?
To compress and support viscera
What is the function of the rectus abdominus?
Flex the trunk and to compress viscera
Which abdominal organ is not enveloped in visceral and parietal peritoneum?
The kidneys because they’re retroperitoneal
What is the greater omentum made of?
Fatty deposits mostly
What is an arcades?
A big loop of blood vessels that supply the small intestine
What are vasa recta?
Straight organs
What is the falciform ligament?
It attaches between the left and right lobes of the liver and attaches the liver to the front of the abdominal wall
What is part of the lesser and greater sacs in the abdomen?
Lesser sac is everything behind the stomach, the rest is the greater sac
What is the epiploic foreman (Foreman of Winslow)?
It allows communication between the lesser and greater sac of the abdomen
How many layers of peritoneum are in the lesser sac of the abdomen?
2
How many layers of peritoneum and in the greater sac of the adbomen?
4
What is the inguinal canal function?
It’s a passageway for vessels and nerves to the genitalia. In men, the spermatic cord passes through it to the scrotum. In women, the round ligament to the uterus passes through to reach the labia majora
How do testes move from the abdomen to the scrotum?
The gubernaculum contracts to move the testes down
How does a inguinal hernia occur?
When the contents of the abdomen moves through the inguinal canal. Usually caused by a weakening of the abdominal wall
What does the Vas Deferens do?
It moves sperm from the testes using the cremaster muscle
What are the 3 layers of the inguinal canal?
Transversalis fascia (innermost), internal oblique muscles (middle), and the external oblique muscle (outer)
