T1 L2: Peritoneal cavity

Question 1

What is gastrulation?

Answer 1

When the embryo develops into the 3 layers

Question 2

What are the 3 layers during embryonic development?

Answer 2

Ectoderm (outermost), mesoderm (middle), and endoderm (innermost)

Question 3

What are epitheliums?

Answer 3

They line surfaces that have contact with the outside world

Question 4

What develops from the ectoderm?

Answer 4

Nervous system, eyes, skin, and ears

Question 5

What develops from the mesoderm?

Answer 5

skeletal muscle, muscular system, renal system, and parts of the cardiovascular system

Question 6

What develops from the endoderm?

Answer 6

Parts of the cardiovascular system and the gastrointestinal system

Question 7

What does buccal refer to?

Answer 7

The mouth

Question 8

What is a cloaca?

Answer 8

A membrane that separates the urinary and digestive tract. At 4 weeks of embryological development, it hasn’t yet developed

Question 9

What organs make up the foregut?

Answer 9

Oesophagus, stomach, proximal half of duodenum, liver, and pancreas

Question 10

What organs make up the midgut?

Answer 10

Distal half of duodenum, jejunum, ilium, cecum, ascending colon, and 3/4 transverse colon

Question 11

What organs make up the hindgut?

Answer 11

1/4 transverse colon, descending and sigmoid colon, and rectum

Question 12

What is peristalsis?

Answer 12

Movement of muscle that squeezes food down the Oesophagus and through the intestines

Question 13

What is the role of the dorsal mesentry?

Answer 13

It attaches the gut organs to the posterior abdominal walls

Question 14

Why does gut rotation cause vomiting?

Answer 14

The food can’t pass though the constriction so it comes back up

Question 15

What are the two forms of gut rotation?

Answer 15

Duodenum constriction and midgut volvulus

Question 16

What 4 structures does the dorsal mesentery give rise to?

Answer 16

Gastrosplenic ligament, lienorenal ligament, greater omentum, and the mesentery of the small and large intestine

Question 17

What 3 structures does the ventral mesentery give rise to?

Answer 17

The ligaments around the liver, falciform ligament, and the lesser omentum

Question 18

Where does the lesser omentum attach?

Answer 18

To the lesser curvature of stomach and to the back of the liver. It has a free edge

Question 19

What connects the ASIS to to pubic tubercle?

Answer 19

The inguinal ligament

Question 20

What does ASIS stand for?

Answer 20

Anterior Superior Iliac Spine

Question 21

What muscle forms the ‘6-pack’?

Answer 21

Rectus abdominus

Question 22

What 3 types of muscles make up the sides of the abdominal wall?

Answer 22

External and internal obliques and the transverse abdominus

Question 23

What is an apaneurosis?

Answer 23

It has the same function as a tendon but is flat. It connects muscle to bone

Question 24

What is the pubic symphysis?

Answer 24

It’s where the transverse abdominus and rectus abdominus meet

Question 25

What 4 arteries supply the anterior abdominal wall?

Answer 25

Superior and inferior epigastric arteries, intercostal arteries, and the circumflex iliac artery

Question 26

What vein drains the anterior abdominal wall?

Answer 26

The thoracoepigastric vein

Question 27

What nerves innervate the anterior abdominal wall?

Answer 27

Thoracoabdominal nerves. Thoracic and subcostal nerves innervate the rectus abdominus too

Question 28

What is the function of the external oblique muscle?

Answer 28

Work with internal oblique for torsional movement (moving chest without moving your legs)

Question 29

What is the function of the internal oblique muscle?

Answer 29

Flex and rotate the trunk and to compress the viscera

Question 30

What is the function of the transverse abdominus muscle?

Answer 30

To compress and support viscera

Question 31

What is the function of the rectus abdominus?

Answer 31

Flex the trunk and to compress viscera

Question 32

Which abdominal organ is not enveloped in visceral and parietal peritoneum?

Answer 32

The kidneys because they’re retroperitoneal

Question 33

What is the greater omentum made of?

Answer 33

Fatty deposits mostly

Question 34

What is an arcades?

Answer 34

A big loop of blood vessels that supply the small intestine

Question 35

What are vasa recta?

Answer 35

Straight organs

Question 36

What is the falciform ligament?

Answer 36

It attaches between the left and right lobes of the liver and attaches the liver to the front of the abdominal wall

Question 37

What is part of the lesser and greater sacs in the abdomen?

Answer 37

Lesser sac is everything behind the stomach, the rest is the greater sac

Question 38

What is the epiploic foreman (Foreman of Winslow)?

Answer 38

It allows communication between the lesser and greater sac of the abdomen

Question 39

How many layers of peritoneum are in the lesser sac of the abdomen?

Answer 39

2

Question 40

How many layers of peritoneum and in the greater sac of the adbomen?

Answer 40

4

Question 41

What is the inguinal canal function?

Answer 41

It’s a passageway for vessels and nerves to the genitalia. In men, the spermatic cord passes through it to the scrotum. In women, the round ligament to the uterus passes through to reach the labia majora

Question 42

How do testes move from the abdomen to the scrotum?

Answer 42

The gubernaculum contracts to move the testes down

Question 43

How does a inguinal hernia occur?

Answer 43

When the contents of the abdomen moves through the inguinal canal. Usually caused by a weakening of the abdominal wall

Question 44

What does the Vas Deferens do?

Answer 44

It moves sperm from the testes using the cremaster muscle

Question 45

What are the 3 layers of the inguinal canal?

Answer 45

Transversalis fascia (innermost), internal oblique muscles (middle), and the external oblique muscle (outer)