T1- Hazard Effects Flashcards
Primary effects
The initial impact of a natural event on people and property, caused directly by it.
Secondary effects
The indirect effects of a natural event.
Lava flows
Molten rock that flows over the ground
Pyroclastic flows
Scalding avalanche of ash and hot, toxic expanding gas, traveling very fast down the flank of a volcano
Ash fall
The deposition of a layer of fine airborne rock and glass that have been erupted from a volcano
Gas (steam)
Toxic fumes and superheated water emitted from a volcano before and during an eruption
Acid rain
Rain containing nitric and sulfuric acids
Shaking ground
During energy release, seismic waves vibrate solid ground
Liquefaction
The process by which an earthquake’s violent movement suddenly turns loose soil into liquid mud
Tsunami
A giant wave usually caused by an earthquake beneath the ocean floor.
Fire
A hazard triggered when broken gas pipes are ignited by electricity sparks, or when gas stoves are toppled over.
Lahars
A destructive mudflow on the slopes of a volcano.
Infrastructure collapse
Seismic shockwaves cause buildings to twist and vibrate which can lead to them falling down, including bridges, roads, ports and railways
Casualties and death
Impact on people who are injured or fatally wounded due to building collapse, fire, tsunami etc
