Changing Exonomic World Flashcards
How has Curitiba improved its transport
• Pedestrianisation of main street reduced dependency on the car and was done in 3 days to avoid opposition
• BRT bus system uses bi-articulate buses, capable of transporting up to 4000 people per day
• BRT has only one fare for any journey making it affordable for all and meaning people use if for more journeys (buses stop every 60 seconds at each stop)
How has Curitiba become more environmentally friendly
• Green exchange allows people in slum areas to recycle their waste in exchange for fresh fruit and vegetables from the farms surrounding the city
• Waste is sorted and recycled widely, providing jobs and reducing landfill
• Developers are allowed to build taller buildings in exchange for leaving green space around them
How is east village (London)more environmentally friendly
• Green roofs have been planted on all buildings higher than 100m to absorb CO2
• Combined heat and power system operates where the power station directly supplies the 2000 homes with a hot water supply, saving on waste
• Uses 1/3 less water by recycling grey water to flush loos and filtering rainwater in ponds
• 90% of construction waste was reused or recycled, significantly reducing environmental impact
How does east village have good transport
• Very well served by public transport with 195 trains per hour and 9 bus stops
What are the benefits of tourism in Kenya
• Tourism directly employs over 600 000 people in Kenya (10% of all workers)
• Now contributes over 12% of the nation’s GDP, allowing greater development
• Since 2000 Kenya’s score on the HDI has increased from 0.45 to 0.55, many put this down to increased incomes from tourism
• The nation’s 24 national parks charge entry fees to tourists. This generates money to pay for the upkeep of the parks and so protects the wildlife
• Boosts literacy rates as workers are often educated, especially with language skills, helping them in their futures
• Increases access to clean water and medical facilities as these need to be available for the tourists
Problems with tourism in Kenya
• Only a small proportion of the money goes to locals. Most goes to large companies which are often based in HICs
• Some tribes have been forced from their land to accommodate hotels or other tourism related facilities
• Tourist vehicles used during the safaris damage vegetation and disturb animals
• Now has 1.8 million visitors per year and cannot expand much further due to a lack of infrastructure and lack of people willing to pay the high price
• Not necessarily a sustainable industry to rely on. Political tensions recently have put visitors off Kenya (though put them off other places e.g. Tunisia more).
Importance of Nigeria
• It is the 12th largest producer of oil in the world and has the 21st largest economy
• Predicted to have fastest rate of GDP growth globally between 2010-2015 due to diversifying economy
• Regionally Nigeria has huge potential to lead development of Africa due to largest population 181 million people and range of industries
• Has Africa’s largest farming sector, with 19 million cattle and 70% of the population are employed in this sector
• World’s second largest film producing industry
Benefits of manufacturing in Nigeria
• New manufacturing is providing and economic boost
• Regular paid work gives people a secure income to improve their own lives. Also the income for the government from taxes increases
• Many manufactured goods are available for people to buy
• Manufacturing a car needs many parts so other businesses benefit from making and supplying the parts
• Attracts foreign companies to establish and invest in Nigeria creating more jobs
Shell in Nigeria
• Shell employ over 6000 people in Nigeria
• Shell contributed 75% of the Nigerian government’s tax revenue on an annual basis
• Produces 572 000 barrels of oil in Nigeria each day
• In 2016, Shell spilt a total of 200 tonnes of oil in Nigeria at 251 different spill sites across the Niger delta
• The locals in the Bodo area have lost access to fishing and farming areas as oil spills have made the area far too polluted for these activities. Shell has given some compensation but not enough
• Shell has invested in some development projects. These include local school in villages and a widespread HIV education and treatment programme
Impact of aid in Nigeria
• Nets for Life project provides education on Malaria and give mosquito nets to households to prevent the spread of the disease. 10 million nets have now been given out
• World Bank funded loans to businesses to help diversify the economy away from being dependent on oil so that new businesses and industries are developed
• The UK government has funded health and HIV programme providing health and education in rural areas.
• UK government spent £30.8 million on education in Nigeria. Ensuring an addition 481 000 children now go to school (48% girls)
• UK has also increased clean water access by providing it to an additional 5.5 million people
Environmental impact of development in Nigeria
• 70-80% of deforestation is to allow for new urban areas
• Nigeria has 10 000 illegal small scale industries which leads to high pollution levels
• Mining has led to soil erosion and land degradation in former forest areas
• Waste disposal can’t cope with population growth
What has jaguar Land Rover done to be better environmentally
• Jaguar is now focussed on the future having made their first fully electric car (I-Pace) and invested heavily in the formula E electric racing series
• 44% of their parts are made in Britain reducing the need for transportation and lowering emissions
• Reduced total CO2 emissions from their cars by 30% in past decade
Wolverhampton engine manufacturing plant (jaguar Land Rover)
Focussed on recruiting local people to reduce transportation need and therefore pollution
• Rooftop is covered by 21 000 solar panels, meeting 30% of the plants energy need
• Water is harvested from the rooftop and used for flushing toilet reducing runoff and flood risk
• All paving around the site is permeable to enable rain to soak in
• Bike racks and cycle lanes are provided to encourage workers to cycle to work rather than drive
• All lighting is provided by LEDs which use far less energy than normal lights
• Wherever possible the site used recycled or recyclable materials
