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Geography > Case Studies For Natural Hazards > Flashcards

Case Studies For Natural Hazards Flashcards

1
Q

What was the magnitude of the Christchurch earthquake

A

6.2 on Richter Scale

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2
Q

How many died in the Christchurch earthquake

A

185

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3
Q

How many people suffered minor injuries in the Christchurch earthquake

A

6600

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4
Q

What was a big damage in the Christchurch earthquake

A

• Hundred of kilometres of water and sewage pipes damaged

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5
Q

How many people moved away from Christchurch after the Christchurch earthquake

A

10600

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6
Q

What was the impact on the 2011 rugby World Cup in Christchurch

A

• City couldn’t host any fixtures in 2011 rugby world cup. Loss of tourism and income

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7
Q

What happened to small businesses

A

put out of action closed for good due to lost income leading to job losses

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8
Q

How much money did Australia send to Christchurch in aid

A

Australia sent $5 million

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9
Q

Who helped clean up Christchurch

A

800 farmers

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10
Q

Who sent rescue crews to Christchurch

A

Japan, USA, UK and Australia

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11
Q

Examples of some long term responses to Christchurch

A

• All water and sewage was restored by August
• Government ensured all damaged homes were kept water tight
• NGOs such as save the children were heavily involved in long term response
• By August 80% of roads and 50% of footpaths damaged by liquefaction had been repaired
• Canterbury earthquake recovery authority was created to help to coordinate the rebuild of the area. They have the ability to alter planning and development laws to reduce chance of a repeat event.

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12
Q

Magnitude of the Nepal earthquake

A

7.8 on Richter scale

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13
Q

How many were killed instantly after the Nepal earthquake

A

8632

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14
Q

How many were left with injuries in Nepal

A

14500

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15
Q

How many climbers were killed in Mount Everest

A

18

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16
Q

How many meals were provided by Islamic relief to families in Nepal

A

2500

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17
Q

What did oxfam do in Nepal

A

• Oxfam installed a 11 000 L water tank and provided a total of 58 000 L of water

18
Q

How many did landslides kill in Nepal

A

2500

19
Q

How many were made homeless after the Nepal earthquake

A

2.8 million

20
Q

How many children will be denied access to education after the Nepal earthquake

A

1.1 million

21
Q

What was reduced after the Nepal earthquake

A

• Tourism was reduced due to damage to heritage sites and closing of Everest

22
Q

Short term responses of Nepal earthquake

A

• Rescue teams with equipment sent from USA, UK, Pakistan, Germany and India
• Disaster emergency committee (DEC) launched appeal and 310 000 people were helped. UK public donated £41 million
• 15000 temporary learning centres installed

23
Q

Long term responses of Nepal earthquake

A

• Asian development bank gave $200 million to help the rebuilding process
• Medical teams remain active and are educating people in how to respond in future
• Nepalese soldiers and UK engineers assessed the damaged areas and worked to ensure all buildings that were still standing were safe

24
Q

How fast was typhoon haiyan

A

195mph

25
Q

How many were killed by typhoon haiyan

A

6500

26
Q

Primary effects of typhoon haiyan

A

• 90% of the city of Tacloban was destroyed. Over 600,000 people displaced and 40,000 homes wrecked.
• Tacloban airport terminal severely damaged.
• 30,000 fishing boats destroyed.
• Power lines brought down by the winds.
• Crops destroyed.
• Widespread flooding as a result of the 400mm of rain which fell.

27
Q

How many were effected by typhoon haiyan

A

14million

28
Q

How many people lost their source of income from typhoon haiyan

A

6million

29
Q

Secondary effects of typhoon haiyan

A

• 14 million people were affected.
• 6 million people lost their source of income.
• Flooding caused landslides and roads were blocked, which cut off aid to isolated communities.
• Some areas had no electricity for over a month.
• Shortages of fresh water, food and shelter affected many people causing the outbreak of disease.
• Many jobs were lost, hospitals were damaged, shops and schools were destroyed affecting people’s livelihood and education.
• Looting and violence broke out in Tacloban.

30
Q

Short term responses of typhoon haiyan (5)

A

• US aircraft carrier George Washington and its helicopters conducted a search and rescue mission and delivered aid.
• 1200 evacuation centres were set up for the homeless.
• The UK government sent shelter kits.
• The French, Belgian and Israeli governments set up field hospitals to help the injured.
• The Philippines Red Cross delivered food aid

31
Q

Long term responses of typhoon haiyan

A

• “Cash for work” programmes were set up. People were paid to help clear debris and rebuild Tacloban.
• Aid agencies (e.g.Oxfam) supported the replacement of fishing boats – a vital source of income.
• Cyclone shelters have been built in coastal areas.
• Thousands of new homes have been built away from areas at risk of coastal flooding.
• The rebuilding of roads, bridges, airport facilities, schools, and homes.

32
Q

How much snow fell on 25th November 2010 and how cold did some temperatures drop to

A

50cm of snow
-20 degrees in some places

33
Q

How much did businesses lose per day due to lost sales due to the winter snowfall 2010

A

£1.2 Billion per day

34
Q

Primary and secondary effects of beast from the east

A

• Closures to roads and bridges caused widespread travel disruption. Costing the economy £270 million per day
• Several people were killed in road accidents which were attributed to the weather
• Farmers lost sheep in deep snow drifts, whilst others had lower than expected lambing numbers
• Many thousand homes were without water for days after their pipes burst (300 000 homes in Northern Ireland)
• 7000 schools across the country had to close
Prolonged nature of bad weather meant food supplies in places began to dwindle (especially fresh

35
Q

Long term responses of the winter snowfall of 2010 (2)

A

• Generally very little done in long term as the event is thankfully rare and possible preparations limited
• The met office reviewed the effectiveness of their warnings, finding them to be good

36
Q

Short term responses to the winter snowfall of 2010

A

• Met office issued series of amber and red weather warnings to alert people to the incoming dangers
• The M1 and Forth Road Bridge were both closed to traffic for 10 hours to enable the worst snow to be cleared
• Gatwick and Edinburgh airports were both closed for safety reasons on 1st December along with the Eurostar from London
• Councils across the country sent out gritting lorries, spreading 300 000 tonnes of salt (the same as they would normally use in an entire winter)

37
Q

Key info of the Beast from the east in 2018

A

• Beast from the East meets Storm Emma.
• Polar Vortex, Low pressure from Siberia.
• Temperatures dropped to -10ºC
• Wind Chill of -22ºC
• Wind speeds exceeding 70mph
• 10 killed across the country
• Hundreds trapped on roads and motorways.
• Gas supplies running low.

38
Q

Primary effects of beast from the east

A

• 15-20cm of snow fell over the course of three days.
• Storm Emma brings winds in excess of 70mph.
• Snow drifts in excess of 7m in rural locations.
• Waves batter coastlines across the country.
• Hundreds stranded for up to 36hrs on the M80 Motorway in Scotland and A roads in Devon.
• Crops damaged - fruit/vegetables

39
Q

Secondary effects of the beast from the east

A

• Impacts caused after the storm
• UK issued with a gas ‘Deficit’ warning.
• NHS cancelled non-urgent operations and clinics.
• Trains stranded on tracks overnight in Dorset.
• Thousands of homes left without power.
• Schools across the country closed for up to 3 days.
• Flights cancelled.

40
Q

Long term response of beast from the east

A

• Generally very little done in long term as the event is thankfully rare and possible preparations limited

41
Q

Short term responses of the beast from the east

A

• Armed forces deployed to rescue drivers and drive NHS workers to work.
• Met office issues ‘Red’ weather warning to stop people from travelling.
• Snow ploughs, gritters and tractors go out in force to clear snow and roads.
• Government asks businesses to reduce gas usage over the coming days.
• Red Cross issues blankets/camp beds to people stranded at Glasgow Airport

Geography (21 decks)

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