Case Studies For Natural Hazards Flashcards
What was the magnitude of the Christchurch earthquake
6.2 on Richter Scale
How many died in the Christchurch earthquake
185
How many people suffered minor injuries in the Christchurch earthquake
6600
What was a big damage in the Christchurch earthquake
• Hundred of kilometres of water and sewage pipes damaged
How many people moved away from Christchurch after the Christchurch earthquake
10600
What was the impact on the 2011 rugby World Cup in Christchurch
• City couldn’t host any fixtures in 2011 rugby world cup. Loss of tourism and income
What happened to small businesses
put out of action closed for good due to lost income leading to job losses
How much money did Australia send to Christchurch in aid
Australia sent $5 million
Who helped clean up Christchurch
800 farmers
Who sent rescue crews to Christchurch
Japan, USA, UK and Australia
Examples of some long term responses to Christchurch
• All water and sewage was restored by August
• Government ensured all damaged homes were kept water tight
• NGOs such as save the children were heavily involved in long term response
• By August 80% of roads and 50% of footpaths damaged by liquefaction had been repaired
• Canterbury earthquake recovery authority was created to help to coordinate the rebuild of the area. They have the ability to alter planning and development laws to reduce chance of a repeat event.
Magnitude of the Nepal earthquake
7.8 on Richter scale
How many were killed instantly after the Nepal earthquake
8632
How many were left with injuries in Nepal
14500
How many climbers were killed in Mount Everest
18
How many meals were provided by Islamic relief to families in Nepal
2500
What did oxfam do in Nepal
• Oxfam installed a 11 000 L water tank and provided a total of 58 000 L of water
How many did landslides kill in Nepal
2500
How many were made homeless after the Nepal earthquake
2.8 million
How many children will be denied access to education after the Nepal earthquake
1.1 million
What was reduced after the Nepal earthquake
• Tourism was reduced due to damage to heritage sites and closing of Everest
Short term responses of Nepal earthquake
• Rescue teams with equipment sent from USA, UK, Pakistan, Germany and India
• Disaster emergency committee (DEC) launched appeal and 310 000 people were helped. UK public donated £41 million
• 15000 temporary learning centres installed
Long term responses of Nepal earthquake
• Asian development bank gave $200 million to help the rebuilding process
• Medical teams remain active and are educating people in how to respond in future
• Nepalese soldiers and UK engineers assessed the damaged areas and worked to ensure all buildings that were still standing were safe
How fast was typhoon haiyan
195mph
How many were killed by typhoon haiyan
6500
Primary effects of typhoon haiyan
• 90% of the city of Tacloban was destroyed. Over 600,000 people displaced and 40,000 homes wrecked.
• Tacloban airport terminal severely damaged.
• 30,000 fishing boats destroyed.
• Power lines brought down by the winds.
• Crops destroyed.
• Widespread flooding as a result of the 400mm of rain which fell.
How many were effected by typhoon haiyan
14million
How many people lost their source of income from typhoon haiyan
6million
Secondary effects of typhoon haiyan
• 14 million people were affected.
• 6 million people lost their source of income.
• Flooding caused landslides and roads were blocked, which cut off aid to isolated communities.
• Some areas had no electricity for over a month.
• Shortages of fresh water, food and shelter affected many people causing the outbreak of disease.
• Many jobs were lost, hospitals were damaged, shops and schools were destroyed affecting people’s livelihood and education.
• Looting and violence broke out in Tacloban.
Short term responses of typhoon haiyan (5)
• US aircraft carrier George Washington and its helicopters conducted a search and rescue mission and delivered aid.
• 1200 evacuation centres were set up for the homeless.
• The UK government sent shelter kits.
• The French, Belgian and Israeli governments set up field hospitals to help the injured.
• The Philippines Red Cross delivered food aid
Long term responses of typhoon haiyan
• “Cash for work” programmes were set up. People were paid to help clear debris and rebuild Tacloban.
• Aid agencies (e.g.Oxfam) supported the replacement of fishing boats – a vital source of income.
• Cyclone shelters have been built in coastal areas.
• Thousands of new homes have been built away from areas at risk of coastal flooding.
• The rebuilding of roads, bridges, airport facilities, schools, and homes.
How much snow fell on 25th November 2010 and how cold did some temperatures drop to
50cm of snow
-20 degrees in some places
How much did businesses lose per day due to lost sales due to the winter snowfall 2010
£1.2 Billion per day
Primary and secondary effects of beast from the east
• Closures to roads and bridges caused widespread travel disruption. Costing the economy £270 million per day
• Several people were killed in road accidents which were attributed to the weather
• Farmers lost sheep in deep snow drifts, whilst others had lower than expected lambing numbers
• Many thousand homes were without water for days after their pipes burst (300 000 homes in Northern Ireland)
• 7000 schools across the country had to close
Prolonged nature of bad weather meant food supplies in places began to dwindle (especially fresh
Long term responses of the winter snowfall of 2010 (2)
• Generally very little done in long term as the event is thankfully rare and possible preparations limited
• The met office reviewed the effectiveness of their warnings, finding them to be good
Short term responses to the winter snowfall of 2010
• Met office issued series of amber and red weather warnings to alert people to the incoming dangers
• The M1 and Forth Road Bridge were both closed to traffic for 10 hours to enable the worst snow to be cleared
• Gatwick and Edinburgh airports were both closed for safety reasons on 1st December along with the Eurostar from London
• Councils across the country sent out gritting lorries, spreading 300 000 tonnes of salt (the same as they would normally use in an entire winter)
Key info of the Beast from the east in 2018
• Beast from the East meets Storm Emma.
• Polar Vortex, Low pressure from Siberia.
• Temperatures dropped to -10ºC
• Wind Chill of -22ºC
• Wind speeds exceeding 70mph
• 10 killed across the country
• Hundreds trapped on roads and motorways.
• Gas supplies running low.
Primary effects of beast from the east
• 15-20cm of snow fell over the course of three days.
• Storm Emma brings winds in excess of 70mph.
• Snow drifts in excess of 7m in rural locations.
• Waves batter coastlines across the country.
• Hundreds stranded for up to 36hrs on the M80 Motorway in Scotland and A roads in Devon.
• Crops damaged - fruit/vegetables
Secondary effects of the beast from the east
• Impacts caused after the storm
• UK issued with a gas ‘Deficit’ warning.
• NHS cancelled non-urgent operations and clinics.
• Trains stranded on tracks overnight in Dorset.
• Thousands of homes left without power.
• Schools across the country closed for up to 3 days.
• Flights cancelled.
Long term response of beast from the east
• Generally very little done in long term as the event is thankfully rare and possible preparations limited
Short term responses of the beast from the east
• Armed forces deployed to rescue drivers and drive NHS workers to work.
• Met office issues ‘Red’ weather warning to stop people from travelling.
• Snow ploughs, gritters and tractors go out in force to clear snow and roads.
• Government asks businesses to reduce gas usage over the coming days.
• Red Cross issues blankets/camp beds to people stranded at Glasgow Airport
