Case Studies For Natural Hazards

Question 1

What was the magnitude of the Christchurch earthquake

Answer 1

6.2 on Richter Scale

Question 2

How many died in the Christchurch earthquake

Answer 2

185

Question 3

How many people suffered minor injuries in the Christchurch earthquake

Answer 3

6600

Question 4

What was a big damage in the Christchurch earthquake

Answer 4

• Hundred of kilometres of water and sewage pipes damaged

Question 5

How many people moved away from Christchurch after the Christchurch earthquake

Answer 5

10600

Question 6

What was the impact on the 2011 rugby World Cup in Christchurch

Answer 6

• City couldn’t host any fixtures in 2011 rugby world cup. Loss of tourism and income

Question 7

What happened to small businesses

Answer 7

put out of action closed for good due to lost income leading to job losses

Question 8

How much money did Australia send to Christchurch in aid

Answer 8

Australia sent $5 million

Question 9

Who helped clean up Christchurch

Answer 9

800 farmers

Question 10

Who sent rescue crews to Christchurch

Answer 10

Japan, USA, UK and Australia

Question 11

Examples of some long term responses to Christchurch

Answer 11

• All water and sewage was restored by August
• Government ensured all damaged homes were kept water tight
• NGOs such as save the children were heavily involved in long term response
• By August 80% of roads and 50% of footpaths damaged by liquefaction had been repaired
• Canterbury earthquake recovery authority was created to help to coordinate the rebuild of the area. They have the ability to alter planning and development laws to reduce chance of a repeat event.

Question 12

Magnitude of the Nepal earthquake

Answer 12

7.8 on Richter scale

Question 13

How many were killed instantly after the Nepal earthquake

Answer 13

8632

Question 14

How many were left with injuries in Nepal

Answer 14

14500

Question 15

How many climbers were killed in Mount Everest

Answer 15

18

Question 16

How many meals were provided by Islamic relief to families in Nepal

Answer 16

2500

Question 17

What did oxfam do in Nepal

Answer 17

• Oxfam installed a 11 000 L water tank and provided a total of 58 000 L of water

Question 18

How many did landslides kill in Nepal

Answer 18

2500

Question 19

How many were made homeless after the Nepal earthquake

Answer 19

2.8 million

Question 20

How many children will be denied access to education after the Nepal earthquake

Answer 20

1.1 million

Question 21

What was reduced after the Nepal earthquake

Answer 21

• Tourism was reduced due to damage to heritage sites and closing of Everest

Question 22

Short term responses of Nepal earthquake

Answer 22

• Rescue teams with equipment sent from USA, UK, Pakistan, Germany and India
• Disaster emergency committee (DEC) launched appeal and 310 000 people were helped. UK public donated £41 million
• 15000 temporary learning centres installed

Question 23

Long term responses of Nepal earthquake

Answer 23

• Asian development bank gave $200 million to help the rebuilding process
• Medical teams remain active and are educating people in how to respond in future
• Nepalese soldiers and UK engineers assessed the damaged areas and worked to ensure all buildings that were still standing were safe

Question 24

How fast was typhoon haiyan

Answer 24

195mph

Question 25

How many were killed by typhoon haiyan

Answer 25

6500

Question 26

Primary effects of typhoon haiyan

Answer 26

• 90% of the city of Tacloban was destroyed. Over 600,000 people displaced and 40,000 homes wrecked. • Tacloban airport terminal severely damaged. • 30,000 fishing boats destroyed. • Power lines brought down by the winds. • Crops destroyed. • Widespread flooding as a result of the 400mm of rain which fell.

Question 27

How many were effected by typhoon haiyan

Answer 27

14million

Question 28

How many people lost their source of income from typhoon haiyan

Answer 28

6million

Question 29

Secondary effects of typhoon haiyan

Answer 29

• 14 million people were affected. • 6 million people lost their source of income. • Flooding caused landslides and roads were blocked, which cut off aid to isolated communities. • Some areas had no electricity for over a month. • Shortages of fresh water, food and shelter affected many people causing the outbreak of disease. • Many jobs were lost, hospitals were damaged, shops and schools were destroyed affecting people’s livelihood and education. • Looting and violence broke out in Tacloban.

Question 30

Short term responses of typhoon haiyan (5)

Answer 30

• US aircraft carrier George Washington and its helicopters conducted a search and rescue mission and delivered aid. • 1200 evacuation centres were set up for the homeless. • The UK government sent shelter kits. • The French, Belgian and Israeli governments set up field hospitals to help the injured. • The Philippines Red Cross delivered food aid

Question 31

Long term responses of typhoon haiyan

Answer 31

• “Cash for work” programmes were set up. People were paid to help clear debris and rebuild Tacloban. • Aid agencies (e.g.Oxfam) supported the replacement of fishing boats – a vital source of income. • Cyclone shelters have been built in coastal areas. • Thousands of new homes have been built away from areas at risk of coastal flooding. • The rebuilding of roads, bridges, airport facilities, schools, and homes.

Question 32

How much snow fell on 25th November 2010 and how cold did some temperatures drop to

Answer 32

50cm of snow -20 degrees in some places

Question 33

How much did businesses lose per day due to lost sales due to the winter snowfall 2010

Answer 33

£1.2 Billion per day

Question 34

Primary and secondary effects of beast from the east

Answer 34

• Closures to roads and bridges caused widespread travel disruption. Costing the economy £270 million per day • Several people were killed in road accidents which were attributed to the weather • Farmers lost sheep in deep snow drifts, whilst others had lower than expected lambing numbers • Many thousand homes were without water for days after their pipes burst (300 000 homes in Northern Ireland) • 7000 schools across the country had to close Prolonged nature of bad weather meant food supplies in places began to dwindle (especially fresh

Question 35

Long term responses of the winter snowfall of 2010 (2)

Answer 35

• Generally very little done in long term as the event is thankfully rare and possible preparations limited • The met office reviewed the effectiveness of their warnings, finding them to be good

Question 36

Short term responses to the winter snowfall of 2010

Answer 36

• Met office issued series of amber and red weather warnings to alert people to the incoming dangers • The M1 and Forth Road Bridge were both closed to traffic for 10 hours to enable the worst snow to be cleared • Gatwick and Edinburgh airports were both closed for safety reasons on 1st December along with the Eurostar from London • Councils across the country sent out gritting lorries, spreading 300 000 tonnes of salt (the same as they would normally use in an entire winter)

Question 37

Key info of the Beast from the east in 2018

Answer 37

• Beast from the East meets Storm Emma. • Polar Vortex, Low pressure from Siberia. • Temperatures dropped to -10ºC • Wind Chill of -22ºC • Wind speeds exceeding 70mph • 10 killed across the country • Hundreds trapped on roads and motorways. • Gas supplies running low.

Question 38

Primary effects of beast from the east

Answer 38

• 15-20cm of snow fell over the course of three days. • Storm Emma brings winds in excess of 70mph. • Snow drifts in excess of 7m in rural locations. • Waves batter coastlines across the country. • Hundreds stranded for up to 36hrs on the M80 Motorway in Scotland and A roads in Devon. • Crops damaged - fruit/vegetables

Question 39

Secondary effects of the beast from the east

Answer 39

• Impacts caused after the storm • UK issued with a gas ‘Deficit’ warning. • NHS cancelled non-urgent operations and clinics. • Trains stranded on tracks overnight in Dorset. • Thousands of homes left without power. • Schools across the country closed for up to 3 days. • Flights cancelled.

Question 40

Long term response of beast from the east

Answer 40

• Generally very little done in long term as the event is thankfully rare and possible preparations limited

Question 41

Short term responses of the beast from the east

Answer 41

• Armed forces deployed to rescue drivers and drive NHS workers to work. • Met office issues ‘Red’ weather warning to stop people from travelling. • Snow ploughs, gritters and tractors go out in force to clear snow and roads. • Government asks businesses to reduce gas usage over the coming days. • Red Cross issues blankets/camp beds to people stranded at Glasgow Airport