Systems Part 2 Flashcards
What are ligaments and what do they do?
They are elastic and flexible
Join one bone to another bone
Stabilise joints and allow movement in a particular direction.
What are tendons and what do they do?
Are strong and thick
Connect muscles to the bones
Transmit forces between muscles and bones to allows for movement.
What is cartilage and what does it do?
Is smooth
Covers the end of the bone to stop them rubbing and reduce friction.
Role of the excretory system
The role of the excretory system is to filter out and remove some of the waste products from the blood stream.
Function of the kidney
Filters the blood and produces urine
Function of the ureter
Tubes transporting urine from the kidneys to the bladder
Function of the bladder
Stores urine
Function of the urethra
A tube transporting urine from the bladder to outside the body.
Role of the male reproductive system
Produce sperm
Provide a passageway for the semen from the male to the female
Produce testosterone
Function of the testes
Production of sperm and testosterone
Function of the scrotum
Hold the testes allowing sperm to be maintained at a temperature lower than normal body temperature.
Function of the vas deferens
The tube through which sperm travel from the testes to the penis
Function of the prostate gland
Produces a liquid which keeps sperm alive once it enters the female reproductive system.
Function of the seminal vesicle
Produces semen, a liquid which produces nutrients for the sperm.
Function of the urethra (male)
The tube inside the penis which semen (and urine) leaves the body.
Function of the penis
Organ through which semen passes out of the body during sexual intercourse.
Role of the female reproductive system
Produce egg cells
Provide the site of conception
Produce the female sex hormones
Function of the ovary
Produce, store, ripen and release ova (egg cells) and oestrogen
Function of the fallopian tubes (oviduct)
Tubes through which ova travel from the ovary to the uterus. Fertilisation occurs here.
Function of the uterus
Where the embryo, fetus and baby grows and develops.
Function of the cervix
Passageway between the uterus and the vagina
Function of the vagina
Where the semen enters the female reproductive system.
Contributions of Leonardo Da Vinci
Famous for Vitruvian man.
First accurate description of spine
earliest known description of cirrhosis of liver.
Understood four-chambered structure of heart.
Contributions of Edward Jenner
Noticed milkmaids didn't get smallpox. Gave young boy cow pox. Gave him small pox. Boy didn't get small pox. Found out that they didn't get small pox if they had cow pox, so created a smallpox vaccination.
Contributions of Florence Nightingale
Improvement of medical conditions during the Crimean War
Ways to preserve food
Pickling and freeze-dry
Contributions to organ transplants
Artificial limbs and organ transplants are used for organ failure, retina degeneration and loss of limbs.
Contributions to asthma
Asthma plans and preventative are used to prevent asthma.
Causes and triggers of asthma
allergens smoking exercise humidity aerosols perfumes and deodorants
Differences between diabetes 1 and 2
In type 1 diabetes, insulin is destroyed, it can develop in childhood or adolescence, episode of low blood sugar are common and it cannot be prevented. Whereas in type 2 diabetes, insulin is produced, but not used correctly, it is usually discovered in adulthood, and can be prevented with a healthy lifestyle.
Ethical issues in medicine
Different religions
The patient’s age, likelihood of surviving, quality of life and cost
Economic statuses.
