Systems Part 2

Question 1

What are ligaments and what do they do?

Answer 1

They are elastic and flexible
Join one bone to another bone
Stabilise joints and allow movement in a particular direction.

Question 2

What are tendons and what do they do?

Answer 2

Are strong and thick
Connect muscles to the bones
Transmit forces between muscles and bones to allows for movement.

Question 3

What is cartilage and what does it do?

Answer 3

Is smooth

Covers the end of the bone to stop them rubbing and reduce friction.

Question 4

Role of the excretory system

Answer 4

The role of the excretory system is to filter out and remove some of the waste products from the blood stream.

Question 5

Function of the kidney

Answer 5

Filters the blood and produces urine

Question 6

Function of the ureter

Answer 6

Tubes transporting urine from the kidneys to the bladder

Question 7

Function of the bladder

Answer 7

Stores urine

Question 8

Function of the urethra

Answer 8

A tube transporting urine from the bladder to outside the body.

Question 9

Role of the male reproductive system

Answer 9

Produce sperm
Provide a passageway for the semen from the male to the female
Produce testosterone

Question 10

Function of the testes

Answer 10

Production of sperm and testosterone

Question 11

Function of the scrotum

Answer 11

Hold the testes allowing sperm to be maintained at a temperature lower than normal body temperature.

Question 12

Function of the vas deferens

Answer 12

The tube through which sperm travel from the testes to the penis

Question 13

Function of the prostate gland

Answer 13

Produces a liquid which keeps sperm alive once it enters the female reproductive system.

Question 14

Function of the seminal vesicle

Answer 14

Produces semen, a liquid which produces nutrients for the sperm.

Question 15

Function of the urethra (male)

Answer 15

The tube inside the penis which semen (and urine) leaves the body.

Question 16

Function of the penis

Answer 16

Organ through which semen passes out of the body during sexual intercourse.

Question 17

Role of the female reproductive system

Answer 17

Produce egg cells
Provide the site of conception
Produce the female sex hormones

Question 18

Function of the ovary

Answer 18

Produce, store, ripen and release ova (egg cells) and oestrogen

Question 19

Function of the fallopian tubes (oviduct)

Answer 19

Tubes through which ova travel from the ovary to the uterus. Fertilisation occurs here.

Question 20

Function of the uterus

Answer 20

Where the embryo, fetus and baby grows and develops.

Question 21

Function of the cervix

Answer 21

Passageway between the uterus and the vagina

Question 22

Function of the vagina

Answer 22

Where the semen enters the female reproductive system.

Question 23

Contributions of Leonardo Da Vinci

Answer 23

Famous for Vitruvian man.
First accurate description of spine
earliest known description of cirrhosis of liver.
Understood four-chambered structure of heart.

Question 24

Contributions of Edward Jenner

Answer 24

Noticed milkmaids didn't get smallpox.
Gave young boy cow pox.
Gave him small pox.
Boy didn't get small pox.
Found out that they didn't get small pox if they had cow pox, so created a smallpox vaccination.

Question 25

Contributions of Florence Nightingale

Answer 25

Improvement of medical conditions during the Crimean War

Question 26

Ways to preserve food

Answer 26

Pickling and freeze-dry

Question 27

Contributions to organ transplants

Answer 27

Artificial limbs and organ transplants are used for organ failure, retina degeneration and loss of limbs.

Question 28

Contributions to asthma

Answer 28

Asthma plans and preventative are used to prevent asthma.

Question 29

Causes and triggers of asthma

Answer 29

allergens
smoking
exercise
humidity
aerosols
perfumes and deodorants

Question 30

Differences between diabetes 1 and 2

Answer 30

In type 1 diabetes, insulin is destroyed, it can develop in childhood or adolescence, episode of low blood sugar are common and it cannot be prevented. Whereas in type 2 diabetes, insulin is produced, but not used correctly, it is usually discovered in adulthood, and can be prevented with a healthy lifestyle.

Question 31

Ethical issues in medicine

Answer 31

Different religions
The patient’s age, likelihood of surviving, quality of life and cost
Economic statuses.