Systems

Question 1

What is the process of photosynthesis?

Answer 1

1. takes place in the green parts of plants like the leaves or stem - these areas are green because they contain a chemical called chlorophyll that is produced by an organelle within the plant cell called a chloroplast.
2. Requires carbon dioxide (from the air), water (from the soil) and light (from the sun).
3. Makes a nutrient called glucose, which is a type of simple sugar.

Question 2

Photosynthesis word equation

Answer 2

CARBON DIOXIDE + WATER (sunlight and chlorophyll) to GLUCOSE AND OXYGEN

Question 3

Photosynthesis chemical equation

Answer 3

6CO2 + 6H2O to C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 4

What is the process of cellular respiration?

Answer 4

1. produces energy and this energy is known as ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
2. requires glucose (from food sources) and oxygen (from the air)
3. occurs in the mitochondria of cells.

Question 5

Respiration word equation

Answer 5

GLUCOSE + OXYGEN to CARBON DIOXIDE +WATER + ENERGY

Question 6

Respiration chemical equation

Answer 6

C6H12O6 + 6O2 to 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

Question 7

What do cells need?

Answer 7

Water, sodium, calcium ions and nutrients

Question 8

What are chromosomes?

Answer 8

Are found in the nucleus of cells, are made up of DNA and contain all the genetic information for the organism.

Question 9

Mitosis and why we need it.

Answer 9

A cellular division which produces two genetically identical daughter cells - needed for growth, repair and replacement of other cells.

Question 10

Meiosis and why we need it

Answer 10

Two cellular divisions which produce four genetically different gametes - occurs in the ovaries and testes for sexual reproduction.

Question 11

What is an angiosperm?

Answer 11

A flowering plant

Question 12

What is the role of a flower?

Answer 12

The reproductive part of a plant, attracts birds and insects.

Question 13

What is the role of a leaf?

Answer 13

where photosynthesis takes place, allow water to leave the plant (through the stomates) and cool it down (transpiration).

Question 14

What is the role of the stem?

Answer 14

hold the plant upright, carry nutrients around the plant, carry water from the roots to the leaves.

Question 15

What is the role of the roots?

Answer 15

hold the plant in the ground, take up water and minerals from the ground.

Question 16

Function of the xylem

Answer 16

Carries water and minerals from the roots of plants to all other parts of the plant. (transpiration)

Question 17

Xylem and phloem

Answer 17

Inside the vascular bundles (veins in plant). Xylem is more inwards and the phloem is more outwards.

Question 18

Function of the phloem

Answer 18

Transports sugars made in the leaves to other parts of the plant. (translocation)

Question 19

Structure and function of leaves

Answer 19

Leaves contain chloroplasts (making the chlorophyll for photosynthesis), small holes in leaves called stomata. Stomates are surrounded by two kidney-shaped cells called guard cells which open or close the stomata.

Question 20

Structure and function of flowers

Answer 20

Petals to attract insects and birds, peduncle supports flower, stamen produces pollen, stigma is the long prong thing in centre of the flower, ovary develops seeds.

Question 21

Structure and function of roots

Answer 21

Fibrous or tap roots (fibrous are like normal roots and tap are like carrots), root hairs absorb water, nutrients and minerals from the soil.

Question 22

Role of digestive system

Answer 22

Breaks down food and allows it to be absorbed into bloodstream: made up of liver, stomach, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine and rectum.

Question 23

Role of circulatory system

Answer 23

transports: nutrients from the digestive system, wastes away from cells, oxygen from lungs to cells, carbon dioxide back to lungs and hormones to organs.

Question 24

Structure and function of veins

Answer 24

carries blood towards heart, close to the surface.

Question 25

Structure and function of arteries

Answer 25

carries blood away from the heart, are deeper down in the body.

Question 26

Structure and function of capillaries

Answer 26

connects arteries and veins, many are close to the surface.

Question 27

Role of respiratory system

Answer 27

moves air in and out of the lungs, allowing oxygen to enter bloodstream, and carbon dioxide to be removed. Parts include: trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, diaphragm and ribs.

Question 28

Process of gas exchange in humans

Answer 28

Gas exchange takes place in the alveoli.
these are small air sacs in the lungs
there must be moisture to allow gases to diffuse through the cell membranes and prevent gases from escaping.
alveoli are covered in capillaries
oxygen passes from the air in to the blood and carbon dioxide the other way around.
gases are carried by a special protein molecule known as haemoglobin.

Question 29

Role of the skeletal system

Answer 29

Provides support so we can sit, walk and run. Protects our vital organs, provides a place for our muscles to attach, produces red and white blood cells.

Question 30

Define joint

Answer 30

A place where 2 or more bones meet.
May be moveable or immoveable (fixed).
Usually consist of bones, muscle, ligaments, tendons and cartilage.

Question 31

Example of a gliding joint

Answer 31

wrist and ankle

Question 32

Example of a hinge joint

Answer 32

elbow and knee

Question 33

Example of a ball and socket joint

Answer 33

thema (in the shoulder) and pelvis

Question 34

Example of a pivot joint

Answer 34

neck