Systems Flashcards
What is the process of photosynthesis?
- takes place in the green parts of plants like the leaves or stem - these areas are green because they contain a chemical called chlorophyll that is produced by an organelle within the plant cell called a chloroplast.
- Requires carbon dioxide (from the air), water (from the soil) and light (from the sun).
- Makes a nutrient called glucose, which is a type of simple sugar.
Photosynthesis word equation
CARBON DIOXIDE + WATER (sunlight and chlorophyll) to GLUCOSE AND OXYGEN
Photosynthesis chemical equation
6CO2 + 6H2O to C6H12O6 + 6O2
What is the process of cellular respiration?
- produces energy and this energy is known as ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
- requires glucose (from food sources) and oxygen (from the air)
- occurs in the mitochondria of cells.
Respiration word equation
GLUCOSE + OXYGEN to CARBON DIOXIDE +WATER + ENERGY
Respiration chemical equation
C6H12O6 + 6O2 to 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
What do cells need?
Water, sodium, calcium ions and nutrients
What are chromosomes?
Are found in the nucleus of cells, are made up of DNA and contain all the genetic information for the organism.
Mitosis and why we need it.
A cellular division which produces two genetically identical daughter cells - needed for growth, repair and replacement of other cells.
Meiosis and why we need it
Two cellular divisions which produce four genetically different gametes - occurs in the ovaries and testes for sexual reproduction.
What is an angiosperm?
A flowering plant
What is the role of a flower?
The reproductive part of a plant, attracts birds and insects.
What is the role of a leaf?
where photosynthesis takes place, allow water to leave the plant (through the stomates) and cool it down (transpiration).
What is the role of the stem?
hold the plant upright, carry nutrients around the plant, carry water from the roots to the leaves.
What is the role of the roots?
hold the plant in the ground, take up water and minerals from the ground.
Function of the xylem
Carries water and minerals from the roots of plants to all other parts of the plant. (transpiration)
Xylem and phloem
Inside the vascular bundles (veins in plant). Xylem is more inwards and the phloem is more outwards.
Function of the phloem
Transports sugars made in the leaves to other parts of the plant. (translocation)
Structure and function of leaves
Leaves contain chloroplasts (making the chlorophyll for photosynthesis), small holes in leaves called stomata. Stomates are surrounded by two kidney-shaped cells called guard cells which open or close the stomata.
Structure and function of flowers
Petals to attract insects and birds, peduncle supports flower, stamen produces pollen, stigma is the long prong thing in centre of the flower, ovary develops seeds.
Structure and function of roots
Fibrous or tap roots (fibrous are like normal roots and tap are like carrots), root hairs absorb water, nutrients and minerals from the soil.
Role of digestive system
Breaks down food and allows it to be absorbed into bloodstream: made up of liver, stomach, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine and rectum.
Role of circulatory system
transports: nutrients from the digestive system, wastes away from cells, oxygen from lungs to cells, carbon dioxide back to lungs and hormones to organs.
Structure and function of veins
carries blood towards heart, close to the surface.
Structure and function of arteries
carries blood away from the heart, are deeper down in the body.
Structure and function of capillaries
connects arteries and veins, many are close to the surface.
Role of respiratory system
moves air in and out of the lungs, allowing oxygen to enter bloodstream, and carbon dioxide to be removed. Parts include: trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, diaphragm and ribs.
Process of gas exchange in humans
Gas exchange takes place in the alveoli.
these are small air sacs in the lungs
there must be moisture to allow gases to diffuse through the cell membranes and prevent gases from escaping.
alveoli are covered in capillaries
oxygen passes from the air in to the blood and carbon dioxide the other way around.
gases are carried by a special protein molecule known as haemoglobin.
Role of the skeletal system
Provides support so we can sit, walk and run. Protects our vital organs, provides a place for our muscles to attach, produces red and white blood cells.
Define joint
A place where 2 or more bones meet.
May be moveable or immoveable (fixed).
Usually consist of bones, muscle, ligaments, tendons and cartilage.
Example of a gliding joint
wrist and ankle
Example of a hinge joint
elbow and knee
Example of a ball and socket joint
thema (in the shoulder) and pelvis
Example of a pivot joint
neck
