Systems Lectures (integumentary)

Question 1

Layers of Skin

Answer 1

Epidermis: 5 sublayers
Basement layer
Dermis: 2 Sublayers
Basement Layer
Hypodermis: 1 layer
Basement Layer
Fascia
Muscle
Ligaments
Spinal Cord Layers ( epidural space, dura mater, subdural space, arachnoid space, arachnoid matter, pia matter, white matter, gray matter)

Question 2

Epidermis Layers

Answer 2

Stratum Corneum: Dead Keratinocytes
Stratum Lucidum: only in areas of the body with no hair.
Stratum granulosum: dead keratinocytes
Stratum spinosum: Living keratinocytes, melanocytes, dendritic cells, Merkel cells
Stratum Basale: columnar cells, Merkel cells, melanocytes

Question 3

Dermis Layer

Answer 3

Papillary layer: sensory nerve endings, connective tissue
Reticular layer: arrector pilli mm, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, hair follicle, veins, arteries.

Question 4

Skin Color

Answer 4

Hemoglobin (red when binds to oxygen; flushed skin)
Melanin: a genetic pigment that determines skin color
Carotene: Vitamin A, from the diet (yellowish/orange skin)

Question 5

Skin Markings

Answer 5

Nevus (moles
Freckles
Hemangioma (capillary strawberry-colored birthmarks in the skin of the face, Cavernous wine stains from the brain or spinal cord)

Question 6

Lines of cleavage

Answer 6

Tension lines in the skin that follow the orientation of collagen fiber bundles; significant for surgical healing.

Question 7

Hair types

Answer 7

Lanugo: baby hair
Vellus: continuously growing hair
Terminal: grows to a certain length.

Question 8

Exocrine Glands of skin

Answer 8

Sweat/sudoriferous glands produce a watery solution: merocrine sweat and apocrine (cell death cause smell)
Sebaceous glands: produce oil for hair and epidermal space

Question 9

Burns

Answer 9

1st Degree: epidermis burn (sunburn)
2nd Degree: epedermis/dermis ( scald burn)
3rd Degree: full thickness burn (skin grafting required