Systems Lecture (heart)

Question 1

Great Vessels

Answer 1

Arteries and Veins leaving the heart
Inferior/superior vena cava, aorta, pulmonary veins, coronary sinus

Question 2

Pulmonary and Systemic circuits

Answer 2

oxygenated blood from left side of heart is pumped into aeorta to systemic systems into the body
Gas exchanges occurs in alveoli from cappillairies
Veins from lower body drain into IVC and from upper body drain into SVC

Question 3

Pericardium

Answer 3

Fibrous sac that restricts hear movements and prevents the heart from overfilling
Outer prtion is the fibrous pericardium
Inner portion is a double layer the serous pericardium split into the parietal and vicseral layer

Question 4

Right atrium contents

Answer 4

SVC, IVC, Coronary sinus bring in deoxygenated blood
R auricle to increase surface volume
Pectinate muscles on anterior wall for more forceful contractions
Posterior wall is smooth muscle
Fossa ovalis (formaen ovale)
Tricuspid valve

Question 5

Right Ventricle contents

Answer 5

Chordae tendinae
3x papillary muscles
Trabeculae carnae ( not muscle)
Pulmonary valve

Question 6

Structure that connects pulmonary trunk and aorta

Answer 6

Ligamentum arteriosus (formaly ductus arteriosus)

Question 7

Left Atrium

Answer 7

Bicuspid valve
Left auricle
4x pulmonary veins drain into it
Fossa ovalis
No pectinate muscles

Question 8

Left ventricle

Answer 8

2-3 time thicker myocardium
“apex” of heart
2x papillary muscles
Chordae tendinae
Aortic valve

Question 9

Coronary Arteries/Veins

Answer 9

Right coronary artery: Posterior interventricular artery (runs w middle cardiac vein) and right marginal artery (runs with small cardiac vein)
Left coronary artery: anterior interventricular artery and circumflex artery (runs with great cardiac vein)
All cardiac veins dump into coronary sinus
Cardiac arteries arise from aorta

Question 10

Fetal Circulation

Answer 10

Oxygenated blood from placenta enters via umbilical vein
Umbilical vein goes to liver and enters ductus venosus to meet IVC
From IVC blood enters right atrium goes through foramen ovale to enter left atrium and goes into left atirum to exit heart via the aorta
Some blood can enter the pulmonary trunk and go through the ductus arteriosus and finally the aorta
From the aorta blood travels to the rest of the body deoxygenated blood goes from external iliac veins to umbilical arteries and back to the placenta

Question 11

Fetal Structures/ Post natal structures

Answer 11

Ductus areteriosus- ligamentum arteriosus
Ductus venosus- ligamentum venosus
Foramen ovale- fossa ovalis
umbilical arteries- umbilical ligaments
umbilical vein round ligament of liver