Systems Lecture (nervous system) Flashcards
Structural Organization
CNS: Brain/Spinal cord+ CN I, CN II
Cell bodies: nucleus
PNS: Spinal nerves/ splanchinic nerves, CN III-CNXII,
Cell bodies: Ganglia
Sensory Divison
Somatic Sensory: general senses touch, pain, pressure, vibration, temperature, and proprioception
Visceral sensory: components transmit nerve impulses from blood vessels and vicsera to CNS
Motor division
Somatic motor: conducts nerve impulses from CNS to skeletal muscles
Autonomic motor: innerveates internal organs, smooth muscle, cardiac muscles and glands
Nerve Cells
Neruons- excitable cells that initiate and transmit nerve impulses
Glial cells, non excitable cells that support and protect neurons
Types of Neurons
Unipolar- cell body branches off of axon (always 1st order afferent neurons)
Bipolar neuron- cell body splits dendrites and axon
Multipolar Neurons- have multiple dendrites
CNS componenets
Astrocytes-release growth factors and filter what exits BBB
Microglia- remove debris
Oligodendrocytes- 1:20 ratio of mylein sheath production
PNS components
Schawn cells: growth factors and provide myelin sheaths at 1:1 ratio
Satelite cells
Neurotransmitters
Released from plasma membrane (Ach)
Brain and Cranial nerves
Weighs around 3lbs, intelligence determined by number of active symapses not size of brain
4 Major region s
Cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem, and cerebellum
Left/Right Hemispheres
Left: reading, writing, languate, math
Right: creativity, music, spatial
5 Lobes
Frontal lobe: motor, long term memory, personality
Parietal lobe: sensory
Tempral lobe: short term memory, balance, hearing
Insular lobe: smell, mood, preferences
Occipital lobe: vision
Protection for Brain
Bony cranium
Meninges
CSF
Blood-brain barrier
Cranial Meninges
Dura mater, arachnoid matter, pia matter
Layers of the Head
Scalp
Epicranial aponeurosis
Periosteum
Bone of skull
Dura matter
Subdural space
arachnoid matter
subarachnoid space
pia matter
cerebral cortex
white matter
