Systems Lecture (muscle)

Question 1

4 Characteristics of Muscle Tissue

Answer 1

Contractability
Excitability
Elasticity
Extensibility

Question 2

Deep Fascia

Answer 2

An expansive sheet of dense irregular connective tissue
Separates individual muscles and binds together muscles with similar functions

Question 3

Epimysium

Answer 3

a layer of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the whole skeletal muscle

Question 4

Perimysium

Answer 4

dense irregular connective tissue sheaths that houses VANs and surrounds bundles of muscle fibers called fascicles

Question 5

Endomysium

Answer 5

Innermost connective tissue layer
surrounds each muscle fiber

Question 6

Origin vs Insertion

Answer 6

Least moveable attachment is the origin
Most moveable attachment is the insertion

Question 7

Motor Neuron

Answer 7

A single motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates and the neuromuscular junctions they share

Question 8

All or none principle

Answer 8

a muscle fiber contracts completely or not at all. When a MU is stimulated all its fibers contract at the same time.

Question 9

Muscle tone

Answer 9

the resting tension in skeletal muscle

Question 10

Muscle atrophy

Answer 10

Reduction in muscle size, tone, and power due to reduced stimulation

Question 11

Muscle hypertrophy

Answer 11

increase in muscle size from exercise results in more mitochondria, larger glycogen reserves, and increased ability to produce ATP
each muscle fiber develops more myofibrils and each myofibril contains larger number of myofilaments

Question 12

Organization Patterns

Answer 12

Circular- also called a sphincter (orbicularis oculi/oris
Convergent- muscle has widespread muscle fibers that converge on a common attachment site (pec major)
Parallel- fascicles run parallel to its long axis
Pennate - have one or more tendons extending through their body

Question 13

Pennate muscle types

Answer 13

Unipennate- all muscle fibers are on the same side of the tendenon
Bipennate- most common, muscle fibers on both sides of the tendon
Multipennate- has branches of the tendon within the muscle

Question 14

Cardiac Muscle

Answer 14

Fibers are individual arranged in thick bundles
Are striated like skeletal muscle but shorter and thicker and have only one or two nuclei
Form y shaped branches
are autorythymic

Question 15

Smooth Muscle

Answer 15

Composed of short fibers that have a fusiform shape
Thick and thin filaments are not precisely arranged so no striations or sarcomeres are present
no Z discs, sarcoplasmic reticulum, or transverse tubules
Slow contractions, resistant to fatigue
Involuntary control