Systems lecture (bone lecture)

Question 1

Function

Answer 1

Provides support and protection and movement

Question 2

Hemopoiesis

Answer 2

Blood cell production in bone marrow ( located in spongy bone)

Question 3

Mineral and energy reserves

Answer 3

Calcium for muscle contractions, blood clotting and nerve impuls transmission
Phosphate for ATP

Question 4

Bone classification

Answer 4

Long: Femur, humerus, MC, MT, clavicle, tibia/fibula, radius/ulna
Short: Tarsal, Carpal
Irregular: vertebrae, hip, mandible, coccyx
Flat: bones of skull, sternum, ribs, scapula

Question 5

Types of bone cells

Answer 5

Osteoprogenitor cells (stem cells)
Osteoblasts (produce new bone)
Osteocytes (mature bone cells)
Osteoclasts (break down bone)

Question 6

Layers of bone

Answer 6

Periosteum
Compact bone
Spongy bone
Periosteum

Question 7

Structural unit of compact bone

Answer 7

Osteons (house VANs within central canals)
Divits in osteons are called lacuna and house osteocytes

Question 8

Bone development

Answer 8

1) Fetal hyaline cartilage model develops
2) Cartilage calficies and bone collar forms around diaphysis
3) Primary ossification center forms in diaphysis
4) Secondary ossification form in epiphyses
5) Bone replaces caritlage ecept the articular and epiphyseal cartilage
6) Epiphyseal plates ossify and form epihyseal lines

Question 9

Hormonal effect on bone

Answer 9

GH stimulates formation of somatomedin by liver, which influences the growth of cartilage in the epiphyseal plate
Thyroid hormones regulate and maintain normal activity at epiphyseal plates until puberty