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Science > Systems > Flashcards

Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What is the job of the Circulatory system?

A

It delivers nutrients absorbed by your digestive system to each cell in your body. It also transports oxygen and removes waste products.

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2
Q

The heart is part of the circulatory system true or false?

A

True

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3
Q

What does the right side of the heart do?

A

The right side is the pulmonary system and receives deoxygenated blood from your body and pumps it to your lungs

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4
Q

What does the left side of the heart do?

A

The left side is the systemic system and it receives oxygenated blood from your lungs and pumps it to your body

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5
Q

What are the two heart chambers?

A

The atrium and the ventricles

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6
Q

What are atriums?

A

They are the upper chambers of your heart and they receive blood from your lungs and body. There is a right and left atrium.

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7
Q

What are ventricles?

A

They are the right and left lower chambers of your heart and they pump blood to the body.

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8
Q

What do your arteries do?

A

They are vessels that carry blood away from your heart

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9
Q

What are veins?

A

They carry blood towards your heart

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10
Q

What are capillaries?

A

They are specialized blood vessels that are located between the arteries and the veins that allow the diffusion of nutrients and gases

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11
Q

True or false: cappilaries are wide so blood cells can fit through

A

False

The blood cells go through one at a time because it is narrow

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12
Q

True or false: The capillaries are made of special epithelial tissue that is one layer thick

A

True

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13
Q

What is the function of red blood cells

A

They carry oxygen

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14
Q

What is the function of white blood cells

A

They fight infections and work with antibodies to find antigens to destroy

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15
Q

What are platelets

A

They are the cells in your blood that help to stop bleeding at cuts

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16
Q

What does plasma do

A

It is the liquid portion of your blood that transports nutrients to your cells and carries wastes such as carbon dioxide away.

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17
Q

Blood vessels transport blood to and away from the heart true or false?

A

True

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18
Q

What does your respiratory system do?

A

It gives your blood the oxygen and removes carbon dioxide from your blood

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19
Q

What process is breathing

A

It is the process your respiratory system use to move air in and out of your lungs

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20
Q

What is bronchi

A

they are the two big branches of your airway that lead into the lungs.

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21
Q

True or false: Bronchi is lined with cartilage to keep the airway from collapsing

A

True

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22
Q

What is Alveoli?

A

They are tiny air-filled sacs in the lungs that are the site of gas exchange

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23
Q

What happens when your diaphragm moves down?

A

The volume of your lungs increases

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24
Q

What happens when your diaphragm moves up?

A

The volume of the lungs decreases

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25
Q

What covers the alveoli?

A

Capillaries

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26
Q

What happens when the volume of the lungs increases?

A

Air comes in

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27
Q

What happens when the volume of the lungs decreases

A

Air comes out

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28
Q

What does the diaphragm do?

A

It draws air in and out of the lungs

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29
Q

What is the function of the digestive system?

A

This system breaks down the food you eat into parts your cells can use for energy

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30
Q

Where does digestion start?

A

The mouth: your chewing breaks down your food and your saliva contains an enzyme that digests large starch molecules into smaller sugar molecules

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31
Q

What are the 2 types of digestion?

A

Mechanical, Chemical

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32
Q

What is mechanical digestion?

A

Physical breakdown of food into small pieces

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33
Q

What is chemical digestion?

A

Breakdown of large particles into smaller pieces by substances called enzymes

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34
Q

What are enzymes?

A

They are proteins created by the body for chemical digestion

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35
Q

What is the esophagus?

A

It is a muscular tube connecting the throat with the stomach

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36
Q

How does the esophagus work?

A

Food is funnelled to the esophagus and it by-passes the windpipe which is covered by a flap of skin called the epiglottis

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37
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

series of wave-like contractions of muscle tissue that lines the esophagus

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38
Q

What is the stomach’s main job?

A

To break food down

It absorbs some nutrients but not a lot.

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39
Q

What chemically digests proteins into smaller particles

A

Gastric juice components, hydrochloric acid and enzymes

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40
Q

What stops the gastric juice from digesting the stomach

A

A mucus

41
Q

What does the small intestine do?

A

This is where the absorption of nutrients is done

42
Q

How long is the small intestine

A

6 meters

43
Q

What is the small intestine covered with

A

Finger-like projections called villi

44
Q

What are microvilli

A

These structures do the absorbing of nutrients in the small intestine

45
Q

True or False: As food travels through the small intestine it is digested by millions of gut bacteria

A

True

46
Q

What does the gall bladder do?

A

It shoots bile(digestive liquid) into your small intestine to chemically digest large clumps of lipids into smaller droplets. it helps digest fats

47
Q

What is the function of the pancreas?

A

It creates enzymes breakdown carbohydrates, lipids, and protein

48
Q

What is the liver’s function?

A

It produces a substance called bile that is stored in the gall bladder

49
Q

True or false? The large intestine(colon) is home to a few bacteria that digest food

A

False. It is home to even more than the small intestine that digests food

50
Q

True or False? The large intestine is around 1 meter long

A

True

51
Q

What is the large intestines function

A

It absorbs and dehydrates nutrients and liquids and turns it into stool

52
Q

What happens to undigested materials in the large intestine?

A

It forms into feces and exits the rectum

53
Q

What are all of the organs in the digestive system

A

esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, pancreas, and gall bladder

54
Q

what is the excretory system

A

Excretion is the removal of urea and other wastes from the blood

55
Q

True or False: All organisms create waste

A

True

56
Q

What is the urinary system made of

A

Kidney, Ureter, bladder and urethra

57
Q

What happens when gut bacteria break down proteins in the intestines?

A

A very toxic compound called ammonia is produced

58
Q

What happens to ammonia in the liver?

A

The liver converts ammonia into a less harmful substance called urea

59
Q

What is urea

A

A waste product found in urine

60
Q

What does the kidney do?

A

It filters the blood, straining out the unwanted urea and other wastes. It then takes these wastes and produces urine.

61
Q

True or False: The kidney regulates the amount of water and salt in our blood

A

True

62
Q

What are nephrons?

A

They are small filtering units of the kidney that removes waste from the blood and produces urine

63
Q

How many nephrons does each kidney have?

A

1 million

64
Q

What is pumped around nephrons?

A

Blood is pumped around the nephrons and the nephrons collect waste

65
Q

What are the ureters

A

They are tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder

66
Q

What does the bladder do?

A

It is a storage container for urine so that it can all be disposed of at once instead of a little bit at a time

67
Q

What is the urethra?

A

It is the tube that leads out of the bladder that drains the urine

68
Q

What are the two main parts of the nervous system?

A

The central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system

69
Q

What does the nervous system do/control?

A

It is the center of all mental activity including thought, learning and memory. It is the major controlling, regulatory and communicating system in the body.

70
Q

What is nervous tissue

A

It makes up the brain, spinal cord and nerves

71
Q

True or false: An organism must interpret and respond to all the different stimuli from its environment and surrounding to survive

A

True

72
Q

What are neurons

A

They are specialized cells of the nervous system that receive and transmit info

73
Q

What are the three parts of a neuron?

A

DEndrites: receives stimulus
Stoma: Main body of the cell
Axon: Relays stimulus to other neurons

74
Q

What are the three types of neurons?

A

Sensory neurons: Carry info from the body to the central nervous system
Motor neurons: Carry info from the central nervous system to the muscles and organs
Interneuron: Connects one neuron to another

75
Q

What composes the brain and nerves of the spinal cord?

A

Nerve cells(neurons)

76
Q

True or false: THere are over 86 billion neurons and 100 trillion connections

A

True

77
Q

What happens in the central nervous system?

A

info flows through it to the center(brain)

78
Q

What are the two parts of the peripheral nervous system

A

Somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system

79
Q

What does periphery mean?

A

The outside or outer edge

80
Q

Why is it called the peripheral nervous system?

A

Because all of these nerves are located outside of the central nervous system

81
Q

What neurons does the peripheral nervous system have?

A

Sensory and motor neurons that carry messages from cells to the nervous system

82
Q

What does somatic mean?

A

It originates from the word soma which is greek for body

83
Q

What does the somatic nervous system control

A

all voluntary responses

84
Q

What are some examples of voluntary actions that the somatic nervous system controls?

A

Walking, moving muscle, urination, eyeball movements, etc.)

85
Q

What is the reflex arc?

A

sensory mechanism that controls a reflex or an immediate response to a stimulus

86
Q

True or false: some dangers make a message that will skip the brain to save time and reduce the impact of the danger

A

True

87
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system control?

A

involuntary actions

88
Q

What are some examples of actions an organism can’t control?

A

Sweating, heart rate, breathing, blinking, body temp, etc.)

89
Q

Central nervous system —->

A

Brain and spine

90
Q

What is diffusion?

A

The spreading of something from a higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.

91
Q

Why is the discovery of cells important?

A

It gave us an understanding of the building blocks of all living organisms and the discovery of cells had led to advances in medical technology and treatment.

92
Q

Why are cells important?

A

They provide a structure for all living organisms and they are the smallest form of life.

93
Q

What is active transport?

A

It is the process of dissolved molecules moving in or out of a cell through the cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region with a higher one.

94
Q

When and what is active transport used for?

A

Cells use it when needed molecules need to be collected such as sugar(glucose)

95
Q

What is Active transport powered by?

A

ATP

96
Q

What is osmosis?

A

The process of substances passing through a semipermeable membrane that separates two liquids of a different concentration. OSmosis equals out the concentration levels.

97
Q

What is an isotonic solution?

A

This is where the concentration is equal

98
Q

What is a hypertonic solution?

A

The substance outside of the semi-permeable membrane has a higher concentration than the inside

99
Q

What is a hypotonic solution?

A

This is where the inside of the cell has a higher concentration than what’s outside of the semi-permeable membrane of the cell.

Science (14 decks)

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