Systems Flashcards
What is the job of the Circulatory system?
It delivers nutrients absorbed by your digestive system to each cell in your body. It also transports oxygen and removes waste products.
The heart is part of the circulatory system true or false?
True
What does the right side of the heart do?
The right side is the pulmonary system and receives deoxygenated blood from your body and pumps it to your lungs
What does the left side of the heart do?
The left side is the systemic system and it receives oxygenated blood from your lungs and pumps it to your body
What are the two heart chambers?
The atrium and the ventricles
What are atriums?
They are the upper chambers of your heart and they receive blood from your lungs and body. There is a right and left atrium.
What are ventricles?
They are the right and left lower chambers of your heart and they pump blood to the body.
What do your arteries do?
They are vessels that carry blood away from your heart
What are veins?
They carry blood towards your heart
What are capillaries?
They are specialized blood vessels that are located between the arteries and the veins that allow the diffusion of nutrients and gases
True or false: cappilaries are wide so blood cells can fit through
False
The blood cells go through one at a time because it is narrow
True or false: The capillaries are made of special epithelial tissue that is one layer thick
True
What is the function of red blood cells
They carry oxygen
What is the function of white blood cells
They fight infections and work with antibodies to find antigens to destroy
What are platelets
They are the cells in your blood that help to stop bleeding at cuts
What does plasma do
It is the liquid portion of your blood that transports nutrients to your cells and carries wastes such as carbon dioxide away.
Blood vessels transport blood to and away from the heart true or false?
True
What does your respiratory system do?
It gives your blood the oxygen and removes carbon dioxide from your blood
What process is breathing
It is the process your respiratory system use to move air in and out of your lungs
What is bronchi
they are the two big branches of your airway that lead into the lungs.
True or false: Bronchi is lined with cartilage to keep the airway from collapsing
True
What is Alveoli?
They are tiny air-filled sacs in the lungs that are the site of gas exchange
What happens when your diaphragm moves down?
The volume of your lungs increases
What happens when your diaphragm moves up?
The volume of the lungs decreases
What covers the alveoli?
Capillaries
What happens when the volume of the lungs increases?
Air comes in
What happens when the volume of the lungs decreases
Air comes out
What does the diaphragm do?
It draws air in and out of the lungs
What is the function of the digestive system?
This system breaks down the food you eat into parts your cells can use for energy
Where does digestion start?
The mouth: your chewing breaks down your food and your saliva contains an enzyme that digests large starch molecules into smaller sugar molecules
What are the 2 types of digestion?
Mechanical, Chemical
What is mechanical digestion?
Physical breakdown of food into small pieces
What is chemical digestion?
Breakdown of large particles into smaller pieces by substances called enzymes
What are enzymes?
They are proteins created by the body for chemical digestion
What is the esophagus?
It is a muscular tube connecting the throat with the stomach
How does the esophagus work?
Food is funnelled to the esophagus and it by-passes the windpipe which is covered by a flap of skin called the epiglottis
What is peristalsis?
series of wave-like contractions of muscle tissue that lines the esophagus
What is the stomach’s main job?
To break food down
It absorbs some nutrients but not a lot.
What chemically digests proteins into smaller particles
Gastric juice components, hydrochloric acid and enzymes
What stops the gastric juice from digesting the stomach
A mucus
What does the small intestine do?
This is where the absorption of nutrients is done
How long is the small intestine
6 meters
What is the small intestine covered with
Finger-like projections called villi
What are microvilli
These structures do the absorbing of nutrients in the small intestine
True or False: As food travels through the small intestine it is digested by millions of gut bacteria
True
What does the gall bladder do?
It shoots bile(digestive liquid) into your small intestine to chemically digest large clumps of lipids into smaller droplets. it helps digest fats
What is the function of the pancreas?
It creates enzymes breakdown carbohydrates, lipids, and protein
What is the liver’s function?
It produces a substance called bile that is stored in the gall bladder
True or false? The large intestine(colon) is home to a few bacteria that digest food
False. It is home to even more than the small intestine that digests food
True or False? The large intestine is around 1 meter long
True
What is the large intestines function
It absorbs and dehydrates nutrients and liquids and turns it into stool
What happens to undigested materials in the large intestine?
It forms into feces and exits the rectum
What are all of the organs in the digestive system
esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, pancreas, and gall bladder
what is the excretory system
Excretion is the removal of urea and other wastes from the blood
True or False: All organisms create waste
True
What is the urinary system made of
Kidney, Ureter, bladder and urethra
What happens when gut bacteria break down proteins in the intestines?
A very toxic compound called ammonia is produced
What happens to ammonia in the liver?
The liver converts ammonia into a less harmful substance called urea
What is urea
A waste product found in urine
What does the kidney do?
It filters the blood, straining out the unwanted urea and other wastes. It then takes these wastes and produces urine.
True or False: The kidney regulates the amount of water and salt in our blood
True
What are nephrons?
They are small filtering units of the kidney that removes waste from the blood and produces urine
How many nephrons does each kidney have?
1 million
What is pumped around nephrons?
Blood is pumped around the nephrons and the nephrons collect waste
What are the ureters
They are tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder
What does the bladder do?
It is a storage container for urine so that it can all be disposed of at once instead of a little bit at a time
What is the urethra?
It is the tube that leads out of the bladder that drains the urine
What are the two main parts of the nervous system?
The central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system
What does the nervous system do/control?
It is the center of all mental activity including thought, learning and memory. It is the major controlling, regulatory and communicating system in the body.
What is nervous tissue
It makes up the brain, spinal cord and nerves
True or false: An organism must interpret and respond to all the different stimuli from its environment and surrounding to survive
True
What are neurons
They are specialized cells of the nervous system that receive and transmit info
What are the three parts of a neuron?
DEndrites: receives stimulus
Stoma: Main body of the cell
Axon: Relays stimulus to other neurons
What are the three types of neurons?
Sensory neurons: Carry info from the body to the central nervous system
Motor neurons: Carry info from the central nervous system to the muscles and organs
Interneuron: Connects one neuron to another
What composes the brain and nerves of the spinal cord?
Nerve cells(neurons)
True or false: THere are over 86 billion neurons and 100 trillion connections
True
What happens in the central nervous system?
info flows through it to the center(brain)
What are the two parts of the peripheral nervous system
Somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system
What does periphery mean?
The outside or outer edge
Why is it called the peripheral nervous system?
Because all of these nerves are located outside of the central nervous system
What neurons does the peripheral nervous system have?
Sensory and motor neurons that carry messages from cells to the nervous system
What does somatic mean?
It originates from the word soma which is greek for body
What does the somatic nervous system control
all voluntary responses
What are some examples of voluntary actions that the somatic nervous system controls?
Walking, moving muscle, urination, eyeball movements, etc.)
What is the reflex arc?
sensory mechanism that controls a reflex or an immediate response to a stimulus
True or false: some dangers make a message that will skip the brain to save time and reduce the impact of the danger
True
What does the autonomic nervous system control?
involuntary actions
What are some examples of actions an organism can’t control?
Sweating, heart rate, breathing, blinking, body temp, etc.)
Central nervous system —->
Brain and spine
What is diffusion?
The spreading of something from a higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
Why is the discovery of cells important?
It gave us an understanding of the building blocks of all living organisms and the discovery of cells had led to advances in medical technology and treatment.
Why are cells important?
They provide a structure for all living organisms and they are the smallest form of life.
What is active transport?
It is the process of dissolved molecules moving in or out of a cell through the cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region with a higher one.
When and what is active transport used for?
Cells use it when needed molecules need to be collected such as sugar(glucose)
What is Active transport powered by?
ATP
What is osmosis?
The process of substances passing through a semipermeable membrane that separates two liquids of a different concentration. OSmosis equals out the concentration levels.
What is an isotonic solution?
This is where the concentration is equal
What is a hypertonic solution?
The substance outside of the semi-permeable membrane has a higher concentration than the inside
What is a hypotonic solution?
This is where the inside of the cell has a higher concentration than what’s outside of the semi-permeable membrane of the cell.
