Bio diversity 9 Flashcards
define symbiosis
interaction between two different organisms living in close physical association, typically to the advantage of both.
What are the 3 categories of symbiosis
Commensalism, mutualism and parasitism
What is commensalism
A situation where 1 species benefits from the while one stays neutral
Define Mutualism
A situation where both species relation in a relationship
Define parasitism
A situation where one species benefits from the relationship while the other suffers a negative impact
What are heritable traits in a species
traits that are passed down from the parents
What are non heritable traits in a species
traits that come over time and are not genetically passed down from the parents
What are some examples of heritable traits
Eye Colour, freckles, hair colour
What are some examples of non heritable traits
Died hair, tattoos, piercings, nail polish
What are discrete characteristics
They are not continuous traits that use bins, you either have a certain trait or you don’t
What are examples of discrete characteristics
eye colour, detached earlobes, freckles
Whats continuos characteristics
Traits in a species that can be measured, not all people have it, varies
What are some examples of continuous characteristics
Height, weight, shoe size
Whats asexual reproduction
It occurs when only one parent supplies the info to the offspring. The genetic material and the characteristics between the parents and offspring are identical.
What are some examples of asexual reproduction are there in our world
fungi and bacteria
Does asexual reproduction include gametes zygotes
no
Whats sexual reproduction
IT occurs when two parents supply genetic material to the offspring. The offspring and parents are not the exact same and will carry a combination of characteristics from both parents. Gametes come together to form zygote
What happens when the gametes meet together
they form a zygote
Whats gametes
sperm and egg
Whats a zygote
When the sperm and egg come together
With sexual reproduction do sibling vary in genetics and characteristics
Yes, except for twins
What are the 3 types of diversity
Ecosystem, species and genetic
Whats ecosystem diversity
the variations in ecosystems within a geographical location and its overall impact on human existence and the environment.
What is species diversity
the number of different species present in an ecosystem and relative abundance of each of those species.
What is genetic diversity
the range of different inherited traits within a species.
What are some examples of ecosystem diversity
Within a mountain range: rivers, streams, mountains, hills, forests, snow
Examples of species diversity
Within a mountain range: Fish, mountain goats, bears, gophers
Examples of genetic diversity
Within a mountain range: Variations of flowers, different breeds of fish, grizzly bear vs. black bear
What are structural adaptaions
How an animals body looks so it can function in its environment
What are behavioural adaptations
Something an animal does in a response to a stimulus to survive
Examples of structural adaptaions
Giraffes long neck, camouflage fur, ducks webbed feet
Examples of behavioural adaptations
Hibernations, migrations, storing food for winter
How does sexual reproduction in plants work
Sexual reproduction in plants involves gametes as well, male gametes and female gametes
joining, during fertilization, to produce a zygote and then an embryo.
What does pollen contain
male gametes(sperm)
Where is pollen found
on the stamen
What do ovules contain and where are they found
They contain female gametes(eggs) and are found in the pistil
When does pollinations occur?
When pollen is transferred from the anthers of the stand to the stigma of the pistil
What is cross pollination
pollen from one plant is carried to the stigma of another plant by wind, water or animals (bees or butterflies).
When does cross fertilization occur
when a grain of the pollen forms a long tube (pollen tube), which grows down the style into the ovary.
What is asexual reproduction in plants
part of the parent plant is used to generate a new plant. The new plant is genetically identical to the parent plant from which the stock has been taken.
Whats mitosis
Cell duplication: the process where one cell operates an becomes two separate cells
Whats binary fission
When a cell duplicates its contents including its nucleus and other organelles. It then splits into two cells with each one being identitcal.
Whats asexual spore production
Spores form then divide to produce offspring
Define budding
ghthe parent organism produces a bud (a smaller version of itself), whicheventually detaches itself from the parent and becomes a self-sufficient individual -
identical to the parent.
define bacterial conjugation
process by which one bacterium transfers genetic material to another through direct contact
What does a zygote turn into
An embryo
Whats the stamen
male reproductive organ, sexual plant reproduction
Whats the pistil
sexual plant reproduction, female reproductive organ, contains the stigma, style and the ovary
Petal of the flower:
Coloured part that attracts pollinators
Whats the anther
Where pollen is produced
Whats the sepal
It protects the interior flower before it emerges
Whats the filament
Thin tubular part of the stamen that extends and supports the pollen sac at the top
Whats the ovary
It produces unfertilized seeds
Whats the ovule
Egg of the flower
Whats the stigma
captures pollen
whats the style
Tube where pollen is delivered to ovary
what is sexual dimorphism
the differences in characteristics and forms between two sezes of the same speices
Examples of sexual dimorphism
male larger than female, mandarin ducks, pheasants
What is polymorphism
when two or more clearly different phenotypes(observable traits) exist in the same population of a species
Example of polymorphism
jaguar skin colouring,
