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Science > Science 9- Biological diversity unit test > Flashcards

Science 9- Biological diversity unit test Flashcards

1
Q

How many chromosomes are in the human body cell in total

A

46

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2
Q

HOw many unique chromosones in gametes do we have

A

23

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3
Q

What are gametes

A

Sex cells

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4
Q

How many chromosones are given from the mother

A

23

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5
Q

HOw many chromosones are given from the father

A

23

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6
Q

What does DNA stand for

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

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7
Q

What is a heritable trait

A

A trait that is passed down from your parents or past generations ex. eye colour, freckles

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8
Q

What is a non heritable trait

A

A trait that does not come from genetics or past generation ex.tattoos and peircings

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9
Q

What is a non heritable trait

A

A trait that does not come from genetics or past generation ex. tattoos and peircings

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10
Q

What are some organisoms that produce sexually

A

Humans, mammals, lions

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11
Q

Examples of organisms that produce asexually

A

Sea stars, stick insects, garlic

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12
Q

Examples of organisms that produce both asexually and sexually

A

sea anemones, some starfish, daffodils

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13
Q

Advantages of asexual reproduction

A

Does not require specialized cells, can produce lots of individuals quickly, does not require a minimum population

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14
Q

Disadvantages of asexual reproduction

A

if there are bad conditions, the entire population could be wiped out, limiting the variation within a species

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15
Q

What are some advantages of sexual reproduction

A

Provides lots of variations which helps a species survive environmental change, increases the diversity of organisms

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16
Q

What are some disadvantages of sexual reproduction

A

Requires a lot of energy whuch means a fewer number of offspring, requires finding a partner, requires specialized sex cells, requires a minimum population to reproduce

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17
Q

What is an Allele

A

A possible form of a gene, for example the allele for eye colour would include brown eyes, green eyes, etc.

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18
Q

What is a hybrid

A

An organism produced by crossing two purebred individuals for different forms of a trait (ex. white fur cat x black fur cat)

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19
Q

What is a genome

A

All of the genetics

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20
Q

Genotype:

A

The set of alleles that an organism carries (ex. BB, Bb, bb)

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21
Q

Whats a phenotype

A

The physical appearance of an organism which are determined by the alleles present. THe results of the genotypes. For example, Brown eyes(BB) or blue eyes(bb)

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22
Q

What are the three types of symbiosis?

A

Commensilim, mutualism and parasitism

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23
Q

Examples of mutualism,

A

ox pecker and rhino or zebra

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24
Q

examples of parasitism

A

Leeches and humans

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25
Q

Example of commensalism

A

Bird nests in tree

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26
Q

Artificial insemination;

A

artificial collection of sperm and the injection from a male into a female

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27
Q

Cloning:

A

THe process of creating a clone( a genetically identical copy of an entire organism or its cells or genes)

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28
Q

What is invitro fertilization

A

Fertilization that happens outside of the body

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29
Q

What is genetic engineering

A

The intention of altering DNA of an organism or population of organisms (ex. Inserting a gene from one species into another species)

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30
Q

What is artificial selection

A

Breeding by humans of plants and animals with desirable traits to produce offspring with desirable traits

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31
Q

Examples of genetic engineering

A

artificial insemination, in vitro feritlization, artificial selection

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32
Q

What is DNA

A

genetic material found daily in the nuclei of cells of living things

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33
Q

What are base pairs of DNA

A

Guanine(G)
Cytosine(C)
Adenine(A)
Thymine(T)

34
Q

What DNA base pairs are alwasy paired together

A

A and T are always paired together and C an G are always paired together

35
Q

What is binary fission

A

single cell organisms like bacteria dividing. when a parent cell devices into 2 identical cells

36
Q

WHat is mitosis

A

Type of cell devision tha produces two identical daughter cells from one parent cell

37
Q

WHat is mitosis

A

Type of cell division that produces two identical daughter cells from one parent cell

38
Q

What is meiosis

A

type of cell devision that produces cells with only half the DNA of a normal cell

39
Q

What is a dominant trait

A

A trait that appears more frequently than another trait resulting from interactions between gene alleles. wheb two opposite acting alleles are inherited

40
Q

What is a recessive trait

A

A trait only expressed when a genotype is homozygous. form observed when two same acting, non dominant alleles are inherited

41
Q

What is a punnet square

A

Is a diagram that is used to predict the genotypes of the offspring od two organisms

42
Q

Whats incomplete dominance

A

The pattern of inheritance when 2 different traits are present buy neither is dominant or recessive (ex. one parent with curly hair and one parent with straight hair = a kid with wavy hair

43
Q

Co dominance:

A

Both alleles are equally dominant. Example: A red and white flower= a pink flower

44
Q

What is a niche

A

Role of an organism within an ecosystem

45
Q

What is a generalist niche

A

fills many roles, usually lives in a broad territory and has a broad niche

46
Q

What is a specialist niche

A

only has a few roles, lives in a small amount of territory and has a narrow niche

47
Q

WHat is discrete variation:

A

variation in a heritable characteristic that has a for such as being albino or not albino. you either have it or you dont

48
Q

WHat is continuous variation

A

Variation in a heritable characteristic taht fall within a range and can be measured such as height

49
Q

broad niche

A

less specific and less limited, able to withstand numerous conditions, generalist

50
Q

narrow niche:

A

specific and limited, needs a specific set of conditions for survival, specialist

51
Q

What is asexual reproduction

A

reproduction without the fusion of sex cells resulting in identical offspring and parent

52
Q

What is budding

A

asexual reproduction in which a new organism develops from an outgrowth or bud on the parent and is identical to the parent. ex. coral

53
Q

What is spore production

A

A cell produced by asexual reproduction by the division of cells by the parent not by the union of 2 cells

54
Q

What is vegetative reproduction

A

type of asexual reproduction in plants that does not involve the formation of a seed

55
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

Reproduction involving the exchange of genetic material and gametes between two individuals resulting in offspring that are different from the parent

56
Q

fertilization:

A

union of a female and male sex cell

57
Q

Zygote:

A

the joining of the gametes. it has 46 chromosomes(23 from egg, 23 from sperm)

58
Q

embryo:

A

An undeveloped organism in its early development (all cells in an embryo have 46 chromosomes)

59
Q

Examples of types of asexual reproduction

A

binary fission, budding, spore production and vegetative reproduction

60
Q

Structural adaptations:

A

Physical features of an organism to help them adapt to its environment ie. camouflage

61
Q

behavioral adaptations:

A

Something an animal does in response to a stimulus in order to survive ie. hibernation

62
Q

Abiotic ecosystems

A

the non living parts of an ecosystem that shapes its environment

63
Q

biotic ecosystem

A

the living parts of an ecosystem

64
Q

Whats an ecosystem

A

a geographic area where plants animals and other organisms and well as weather and landscape work together to form a bubble of life

65
Q

Community:

A

populations of different species living in the same area

66
Q

Population:

A

group of individuals of the same species living in the same area

67
Q

biological diversity:

A

all different types of organisms on earth

68
Q

resource partitioning

A

a process of natural selection that will force competitors to use resources differently

69
Q

speciation:

A

the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution

70
Q

Ex situ conservation:

A

conservation outside of the habitat

71
Q

In situ conservation:

A

conservation within the habitat

72
Q

Where are the greated amount of species richness in our world

A

tropical rainforests and coral reef marine sytems

73
Q

mendelian inheritance:

A

certain patterns of how traits are passes from parents to offspring

74
Q

Variation within a species

A

the difference between individuals from the same species

75
Q

Examples of variations within a species

A

The size of a fish’s mouth determines the size of food it can eat. Different colour coats blend in with different environments

76
Q

How species variation allows species to survive

A

it can introduce different traits, these traits can help the individual survive and reproduce

77
Q

What is interspecies competition

A

When two or more species need the same resources. this is NOT parasitism

78
Q

What is natural selection

A

when the environment selects which individuals will survive long enough to reproduce

79
Q

How does the environment affect variation

A

Different interactions with the environment can result in the variation of a species (ex., plant in the sun vs plant in the shade or height or weight being affected by diet)

80
Q

WHat is a species

A

a group of organisms that have the same structure and can reproduce with one another

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