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Science > Science 10 : Chemistry > Flashcards

Science 10 : Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

When did chemstry begin its practices?

A

1700s

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2
Q

What is chemistry?

A

The study of matter and its properties, the changes that matter goes through and the energy associated with those changes

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3
Q

Whats an atom

A

building blocks of matter and they cannot be broken down into simpler substances

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4
Q

what are elements

A

are the names we give atoms based on the number of protons in their nucleus

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5
Q

what are molecules

A

group of atoms bonded together

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6
Q

What are compounds

A

a type of molecule in which two or more different elements are bound together

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7
Q

define matter

A

anything with mass, volume, and takes up space

can be solid, liquid, or gas

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8
Q

What is a mixture

A

matter that can be seperated by physical means

does not have a definite composition

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9
Q

pure substance

A

matter that has a definite compoition(chemical formula)

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10
Q

Hetergenous mixture

A

aka mechanical micture

different components of the mixture are visible
ex: trail mix, orange juice with pulp

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11
Q

Homogenous mixture

A

aka solution

Different components are not visible
ex: tea, milk

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12
Q

Element

A

cannot chemically be broken down

on periodic table

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13
Q

What is the billiard model

A
  • atoms are the smallest particles of matter
  • all atoms were like small solid spheres like a billiard ball
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14
Q

WHo made the billiard model

A

Dalton

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15
Q

Plum pudding model define

A

positively charged mass(protons) embedded with negatively charged particles(electrons). The positive and negative charges balanced each other out

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16
Q

Who made the plum pudding model

A

Thompson

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17
Q

Planetary model

A

almost all of an atoms mass is located in the center which he called the nucleus

nucleuas was composed of positively charged particles called protons

Elcetrons rotated around the nucleus at random

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18
Q

WHo made the planetary model

A

Rutherford

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19
Q

What is the Bohr atomic model

A

Hypothesized that electron rotated around the nuclues in fixed pathways

determine that the nucleus consited of both protons and nuetrons

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20
Q

Who made the Bohr atomic model

A

Bohr

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21
Q

Electron cloud model

A

electrons behave more like waves than particles

model is based on a series of mathematical equations allowing us to predict where electrons are ost likely to be found.

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22
Q

Who made the electron cloud model

A

Chrodinger and Loui de Broglie

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23
Q

How to get nuetrons

A

atomic mass - atomic #

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24
Q

Whats period

A

horizontal row that organizes elements according to their atomic numbers. The number of period equals the number of energy level for that atom. ( how many energy rings)

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25
Q

What is a group

A

Vertical columns also called families organize elements based on the number of valence electrons they possess.

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26
Q

state of a metal

A

solids at room temp (except for mercury - liquid)

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27
Q

appearance of metals

A

shiny and lustre

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28
Q

conductivity of metals

A

good conductors of heat sn electricity

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29
Q

Malleability and ductility of metals

A

ductile and very malleable

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30
Q

state of non metals

A

some gases, some solids ( only one liquid, bromine)

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31
Q

appearance of non-metals

A

not shiny, dull

32
Q

conductivity of non metals

A

poor conductors of heat and electricity

33
Q

malleability and ductility of non metals

A

brittle, not ductile

34
Q

State of metalloids

A

solids at room temp

35
Q

appearance od metalloids

A

can be shiny or dull

36
Q

conductivity of metalloids

A

some conduct electricity, all are poor conductors of heat. good insulators

37
Q

malleability and ductility of metalloids

A

brittle, not ductile

38
Q

Alkali metals

A

extremely reactive, rarely found in pure form

39
Q

alkaline metals

A

less reactive than alkali metals

40
Q

halogens

A

extremely reactive
gases at room temp (except bromine)

41
Q

Noble gases

A

non-reactive elements

42
Q

Valance shell and electons

A

the outer energy ring in an element

the amount of electrons on the outer most shell

43
Q

ions

A

atoms that have lost or gained electrons, resulting in either a positive or negative charge

44
Q

Anions

A

are negatively charge (resultfrom a gain or electrons)

45
Q

Cations

A

positively charges (result from a loss of electrons)

46
Q

metals are cations true or false

A

true

47
Q

how do you name cations

A

write the name of the metal and add the word ion ex:copper ion

48
Q

non-metals are negatively charged and are called anions true or false

A

true

49
Q

how to name anions

A

write the name of the non-metals change the ending to ide and add the word ion ex: sulphide ion

50
Q

whats an ionic compound

A

metal + non-metal

51
Q

electron distrubution in ionic compund

A

electrons are transferred from metal to non-metal

52
Q

whats a molecular compound

A

non-metal + non- metal

53
Q

electron distribution of molecular compounds

A

electrons are shared between atoms

54
Q

how do you name an ionic compound?

A

write the metal first, change the ending of the second element to ide

55
Q

what do chemical formulas show

A

shows the simplest whole number ratio of each type of ion

56
Q

how to write ionic chemical formulas

A

write the cation and anion beside each other with their charges, balance the positive and negative charges by adding cations and anions as needed, and reduce to lowest terms (criss-cross method)

57
Q

What are elements with multiple charges called

A

multivalent

58
Q

How do you name multivalent compounds

A

identify ions and their charges pay attention to roman numerals, determine the total charges needed to balance, not ratio of cations to anions

59
Q

how do you name molecular compounds

A

write first element listed in the chemical formula, change the ending of the name of the second element to ide, use a prefix to indicate the number of each tyoe of atom

60
Q

the prefix mono is onlt used when reffereing the second element in molecular compounds tru or false

A

true

61
Q

whats H20

A

water

62
Q

whats 03

A

ozone

63
Q

whats the formula for ammonia

A

NH3

64
Q

Methane formula

A

CH4

65
Q

whats the formula for glucose

A

C6H12O6

66
Q

ionic characteristics

A

crystal lattice shape, high melting and boiling point due to strong bonds, conduct electricity when dissolved in water

67
Q

characteristics of molecular compunds

A

individual molecules randomly arranged, low melting and boiling points due to weak bonds, do not conduct electricity when dissolved in water

68
Q

what do all acid have

A

hydrogen ions

69
Q

what do all bases have

A

hydroxide ions

70
Q

what is the ph for bases

A

7.1-14

71
Q

whats the ph for acids

A

0-6.9

72
Q

properties of an acid

A

proton donors in chemical reactions form H+ ions in solution, PH 0-6.9, good conductors of electricity, sour taste, mostly foods, turns litmus paper red

73
Q

properties of a base

A

proton acceptors in chemical reactions, form OH- ions in solutions, ph 7.1-14, poor conductors of electricity, bitter taste, mostly cleaners, turn litmus paper blue.

74
Q

are acids and bases both electrolytes

A

yes

75
Q

who created the periodic table

A

Dmitri Mendeleev

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