SYSTEMIC PATHO 2 Flashcards
among the most common developmental abnormalities of the oral cavity
Palatoschisis or cleft palate and cheiloschisis or cleft
lip
sometimes referred to as “hare lip,” a failure of fusion of the upper lip along the midline or philtrum.
Cheiloschisis
It results from a failure of
fusion of the lateral palatine processes.
Palatoschisis
refer to inflammation of the mucous membranes of the oral cavity and gingiva
Stomatitis and gingivitis
Vesicular Stomatitides
Foot-and-mouth disease
Vesicular stomatitis
Vesicular exanthema of swine
Swine vesicular disease
result from abnormal jaw conformation or rarely from abnormal tooth eruption patterns
Malocclusions
a clinical term referring to esophageal obstruction subsequent to stenoses or blockage.
Choke
Patterns of hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis
○ Random hepatocellular degeneration and/or necrosis
○ Zonal hepatocellular degeneration and/or necrosis
○ Massive hepatocellular degeneration and/or necrosis
characterized by a circumferential zone of hepatocellular necrosis surrounding the terminal hepatic venule
Centrilobular
necrosis
refers to a pattern characterized by connection of areas of necrosis
between different lobules
Bridging necrosis
the least common
pattern of hepatic injury.
Midzonal necrosis
an uncommon pattern of hepatocellular injury
Periportal necrosis
Three patterns of bridging necrosis
- central to central
- portal to portal
- central to portal
Patterns of hepatic inflammation
- Acute hepatitis
- Chronic hepatitis
- Cholangitis
- Cholangiohepatitis
General responses of liver to injury
Three ways
- Regeneration of parenchyma
- Replacement by fibrosis
- Biliary hyperplasia
Increased amount of
connective tissue within the
liver
Fibrosis
Patterns of fibrosis
- Focal/multifocal fibrosis
- Diffuse hepatic fibrosis
- Biliary fibrosis
Proliferation of new bile ducts within the portal
areas
Biliary hyperplasia
Final irreversible result of
different hepatic diseases
End-stage liver (Cirrhosis)
characterized by * Nodular regeneration
* Fibrosis
* Bile duct hyperplas
FASCIOLOSIS
Etiology, Occurrence, Definitive Hosts, Intermediate Host:
- Fasciola hepatica or Fasciola gigantica
- Bile duct
- Ruminants & other animals, & man
- Lymnied snails (Lymnea auricularia, L. truncatula, L. philippinensis)
EURYTREMA PANCREATICUM INFECTION
Etiology, Occurrence, Definitive Hosts, Intermediate Host
- Eurytrema pancreaticum
- Pancreatic duct & rarely in bile duct
- Sheep, Goat, Cattle, Buffaloes
- 1st (snails) & 2nd (grasshopper)
DICROCOELIUM DENDRITICUM INFECTION
Synonym, Etiology, Occurrence, Definitive Hosts, Intermediate Host
- Lancet worm infection
- Dicrocoelium dendriticum
- Bile duct
- Sheep, goat, ox, deer, pig, dog, etc.
- Ants
HISTOMONAS MELEAGRIDIS INFECTION
Synonym, Etiology, Occurrence, Definitive Hosts, Intermediate Host
- Histominiasis Infectious Enterohepatitis Blackhead
- Histomonas meleagridis
- Ceca & liver
- Turkeys especially poults, chickens,
guinea fowl, Pheasant, quail, partridge, jungle fowl, etc. - Heterakis gallinarum, cecal worm
