SYSTEMIC PATHO Flashcards
A bleeding from nasal passage due to trauma, neoplasm and ulcerative lesions as a result of infection.
Epistaxis
Blood comes from mouth, saliva or sputum
Hemoptysis
Inflammation of the nasal mucosa, may be caused by infections or allergies
Rhinitis
This is present in certain infectious diseases such as strangles, influenza and glanders of horses, and distemper in dog.
Acute Rhinitis
Types of Exudate
- Serous
- Catarrhal
- Fibrinous
- Purulent
- Granulomatous
Increased secretion of submucosal glands
Serous
Goblet cell hyperplasia and excessive production mucus.
Catarrhal
Altered vascular permeability and exudation (escape) of fibrin.
Fibinous
Chemotaxis for polymorphonuclear leukocytes/pus.
Purulent
Granuloma/fibrosis/polyps
Granulomatous
An equine disease characterized by purulent (suppurative) rhinitis and regional lymphadenitis with formation of abscesses.
Strangles (Streptococcus equi)
A commonly involved in feline rhinitis-sinusitis
Feline Rhinotracheitis (FHV-1)
Inflammation of sinuses
Sinusitis
Inflammation of the larynx
Laryngitis
Also called “Calf Diphtheria”, is common in feedlots, predominantly in calves, usually >3 months old.
Necrotic laryngitis
Means leather, due to the type of exudate that forms.
Diphtheria
Inflammation of trachea
Tracheitis
Other Disease Involved larynx and trachea
- Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR)
- Calf Diphtheria fusiformis necrophorus.
- Feline viral rhinotracheitis
Inflammation of the bronchi, characterized by catarrhal, suppurative, fibrinous or hemorrhagic exudate.
Bronchitis
An acute or chronic inflammation of the trachea and bronchial airways; it may also extend into the lungs.
Tracheobronchitis
Inflammation of bronchioles
Bronchiolitis
Narrowing of lumen
Stenosis (Bronchi+bronchioles= stenosis)
Narrowing of lumen
Stenosis (bronchi + bronchioles= stenosis)
Continued over-stretching of the alveolar walls
Emphysema
A condition where lungs collapse partially or completely.
Atelectasis
Dilatation of bronchi and bronchioles
Bronchiectasis
Repeated coughing continuous over-stretching of the alveolar walls over-dilatation of bronchioles
Chronic bronchitis
The failure of alveoli to open or the alveoli are collapsed and thus do not have air, may affect a part of lobe or two or all of one lung.
Atelectasis
Types of Atelectasis
- Resorption Atelectasis
- Compression Atelectasis
- Contraction Atelectasis
The increase in amount of air in lungs characterized
by over dilation of the alveoli. It may be acute or chronic and focal or
generalized.
Emphysema
Two major forms of pulmonary emphysema occur in the lungs
- Alveolar (vascular) emphysema
- Interstitial (interlobular) emphysema
several conditions in which enlargement of airspaces is not
accompanied by destruction
overinflation.
The alveoli are distended by excessive
amounts of air pressure and often times rupture.
Alveolar (Vascular) emphysema
Excessive air accumulates in the sub-
pleural, interstitial, and interlobular regions of the lungs.
Interstitial (interlobular) emphysema
accumulation of serous fluid in alveoli of lungs.
PULMONARY EDEMA
is the inflammation of pleura characterized by serous, fibrinous or
purulent exudate. It is also known as pleurisy.
PLEURITIS
Is the presence of gas or air in the thorax cavity.
Pneumothorax
accumulation of abnormal quantities of transudate (serous
fluid) in thoracic cavity.
Hydrothorax
is the presence of free blood in thoracic cavity.
Hemothorax
is the presence of purulent material filled in thorax cavity.
Pyothorax
is the presence of free lymph (chyle) in the thorax and it is caused
by rupture of a major lymphatic duct of thorax cavity.
Chylothorax
inflammation of the lung caused by bacteria, in which the air sacs (alveoli)
become filled with inflammatory cells and the lungs become solid
PNEUMONIA
Stages of Pneumonia
- Congestion
- Red hepatization
- Grey hepatization
- Resolution
This phase represents the acute inflammatory response to bacterial
infection.
Congestion
This stage is “characterized by the presence of many erythrocytes,
neutrophils, desquamated epithelial cells, and fibrin within the alveoli
Red Hepatization
This stage is “characterized by the presence of many erythrocytes,
neutrophils, desquamated epithelial cells, and fibrin within the alveoli”
Red Hepatization
The lung appears “gray-brown to yellow because of fibrinopurulent
exudates, disintegration of red cells, and hemosiderin”
Grey Hepatization
Characterized by the “resorption and restoration of the
pulmonary architecture”
Resolution
