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BACTERIOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

Smallest units capable of independent existence

A

Living Cells

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2
Q

Usually less than 5um in length

A

Prokaryotic Cell

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3
Q

Membrane-bound organelles are present

A

Eukaryotic Cells

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4
Q

80S ribosomes in cytoplasm; 70S ribosomes in mitochondria and chloroplasts

A

Eukaryotic Cell

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5
Q

Nucleic acid occurs as a single molecule, often circular

A

Prokaryotic Cell

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6
Q

Nuclear membrane and nucleolus absent

A

Prokaryotic Cell

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7
Q

Unicellular and are smaller and less complex than eukaryotic cells such as mammalian red blood cells

A

Bacteria

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8
Q

Bacteria occur as _______, _______, _________ forms and occasionally as ____________.

A

rods, cocci, helical ; branching filaments

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9
Q

Readily seen using conventional light microscopy

A

Red Blood Cell

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10
Q

Rod shaped cells, usually stained by the Gram method. Using bright-field microscopy, a magnification of 1000x is required to observe most bacterial cells.

A

Bacillus

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11
Q

Spherical-shaped cells, often occuring in chains or in grape -like clusters.

A

Coccus

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12
Q

Thin, helical bacteria, dark field microscopy (without staining) or special staining methods are required to demonstrate these unusual microorganisms.

A

Spirochaete

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13
Q

Yeasts, molds and mushrooms belong to a large group of non-photosynthetic eukaryotes.

A

Fungi

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14
Q

Produce filamentous microscopic structures called molds.

A

Multicellular fungi

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15
Q

Yeast; spherical or ovoid shape and multiply by budding

A

Unicellular fungi

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16
Q

Often occur in chains or grape-like clusters

A

Coccus

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17
Q

Reproduce by budding

A

Yeast

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18
Q

Branched structures (hyphae) composed of many cells.

A

Mould

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19
Q

Considered plant-like because they contain chlorophyll; free living in water, others grow on the surfaces of rocks and on other structures in the environment.

A

Algae

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20
Q

They are not cells and consist of nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA, enclosed in a protein coat called capsid.

A

Viruses

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21
Q

Viruses which invade bacterial cells.

A

Bacteriophages

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22
Q

Readily seen at magnification of 1000x

A

Coccus

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23
Q

devoid of nucleic acid, composed of abnormally folded protein capable of inducing conformational chages in host cell protein then damages long-lived cells such as neurons.

A

Prions

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24
Q

exhibit remarkable resistance to physical and chemical inactivation procedures.

A

Prions

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25
Q

Stain of Gram-positive bacteria

A

purple-blue

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26
Q

Stain of Gram-negative bacteria

A

red

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27
Q

Gram positive, cluster-forming cocci; nonmotile, facultative anaerobes, catalase-positive; fermentative, grow on non-enriched media.

A

Staphylococcus species

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28
Q

detects the presence of a bound coagulase or clumping factor on the bacterial surface.

A

Slide test

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29
Q

detects free coagulase or staphylocoagulase which is secreted by the bacteria into the plasma.

A

Tube test

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30
Q

Staphylococcus aureus virulence factors

A

coagulase
protein A
leukocidin
beta and alpha toxin
toxic-shock syndrome toxin (TSST)

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31
Q

Toxins produced by S. aureus

A

Alpha hemolysin
Beta hemolysin
Gamma hemolysin
Delta hemolysin
Leukocidin
Enterotoxin

32
Q

Enzymes produced by S. aureus

A

Coagulase (free)
Hyaluronidase (spreading factor)
Deoxyribonuclease
Fibrinolysin (staphylokinase)
Lipase
Protease

33
Q

Produces toxins similar (but not identical) to S. aureus

34
Q

Induced recurrent pyoderma- mast cell degranulation. Results in an intense inflammatory reaction– leads to pruritus, erythem, etc.

A

S. intermedius

35
Q

Sucklers and weaned pigs up to 3 months. Widespread excessive sebaceous secretion, exfoliation and exudation on the skin surface

A

Exudative epidermitis

36
Q

Ixodes ricinus is a vector for the rickettsial agent of tick-borne fever.

A

Tick pyemia

37
Q

A chronic, suppurative granulomatous condition. It can occur within a few weeks of castration in the horse due to infection of the stump of the spermatic cord (scirrhous cord).

A

Botryomycosis

38
Q

Gram positive cocci in chains; facultative anaerobes, usually motile, catalase negative; fastidious, requiring enriched media; form small, usually hemolytic, transclucent colonies.

A

Streptococci

39
Q

Classified based on type of hemolysis, biochemical tests and by serological means (Lancefield groups) using precipitation test based on the cell surface carbohydrate moiety.

A

Streptococci

40
Q

complete hemolysis indicated by clear zones around colonies

A

Beta-hemolysis

41
Q

partial or incomplete haemolysis indicated by greenish or hazy zones around colonies

A

Alpha-haemolysis

42
Q

denotes no observable changes in the blood agar around colonies

A

Gamma-haemolysis

43
Q

elaborates a factor which completely lyses the red cells already damaged by the beta hemolysin of staphylococcusu aureus, producing a characteristic clear ‘arrow head’ pattern of complete hemolysis.

A

Streptococcus agalactiae

44
Q

highly selective for the streptococci and also indicates aesculin hydrolysis and the type of haemolysis.

A

Edwards medium

45
Q

causes strangles, highly contagious, severe purulent infection of the upper respiratory tract and draining lymph nodes of solipeds

A

Streptococcus equi

46
Q

Common finding of strangles

A

Guttural pouch empyema

47
Q

considered to be an immune-mediated disease, may occur in some affected horses 1 to 3 weeks after initial illness.

A

Purpura Haemorrhagica

48
Q

Virulence factors of streptococcus equi

A
  1. Cytotoxin
  2. M protein
  3. Hyaluronic Acid Capsule
49
Q

causes ruminant mastitis, neonatal sepsis and meningitis in humans

A

Streptococcus agalactiae

50
Q

GBS virulence factors

A
  1. Cell surface structures
  2. Major exotoxin
  3. CAMP Factor
  4. Neuraminidase
  5. Hemolysin
  6. Vasoactive extracellular toxin
  7. Hyaluronidase
51
Q

carried in the mouth, skin lesions of the udder, and in vagina

A

Streptococcus dysgalactiae

52
Q

commensal of bovine GIT & skin, causes opportunistic disease (primarily mastitis) in cows reared under poor management conditions.

A

Streptococcus uberis

53
Q

carrier pigs harbor the organism in tonsillar tissues; causes meningitis, arthritis, septicemia and bronchopneumonia in pigs of all ages, and with sporadic cases of endocarditis, neonatal deaths and abortion.

A

Streptococcus suis

54
Q

causative agent of “swine strangles”/jowl abscessation, a severe cervical/mandibular lymphadenopathy.

A

Streptococcus porcinus

55
Q

causes disease in several host species.

A

Streptococcus zooepidemicus

56
Q

Pleomorphic, gram-positive bacteria which occur in coccoid, club and rod forms (coryneform morphology)

A

Genus corynebacterium

57
Q

Caused by the non-nitrate reducing biotype of C. psedutuberculosis.

A

Caseous lymphadenitis

58
Q

Caused by the non-nitrate reducing biotype of C. psedutuberculosis.

A

Caseous lymphadenitis

59
Q

Caused by the non-nitrate reducing biotype of C. pseudotuberculosis.

A

Caseous lymphadenitis

60
Q

Sporadic cases caused by the nitrate reducing biotype of C. pseudotuberculosis.

A

Ulcerative lymphangitis in horses and cattle

61
Q

Characterized by ulceration around the preputial orifice, with a brownish crust developing over the lesion. Common in merino sheep and angora goats, caused by C. renale.

A

Ulcerative (enzootic) balanoposthitis (pizzle rot)

62
Q

Organisms belonging to the C. renale group can be isolated from the vulva, vagina and prepuce of apparently normal cattle.

A

Bovine pyelonephritis

63
Q

Virulence factor of Bovine pyelonephritis

A

Pili/fimbriae
Their ability to break down urea into ammonia
Produce cell lysis agent called Renalin

64
Q

Gram-positive rods or cocci; Growth on non-enriched media; Aerobic, non-motile

A

Genus Rhodococcus

65
Q

Salmon-pink mucoid colonies with no haemolysis; Soil saprophyte

A

Genus Rhodococcus

66
Q

Produces a factor which completely lyses the red cells previously damaged by the beta haemolysis of Staphylococcus aureus, producing a spade-shaped pattern of complete haemolysis which extends across the streak of S. aureus.

A

CAMP test-positive

67
Q

Generally acquired by inhalation of dust contaminated with R. equi.

A

Suppurative bronchopneumonia of foals

68
Q

Many species with branching filaments; anaerobic or facultatively anaerobic; morphologically heterogenous; nonmotile; MZN negative or positive.
-relatively slow growth on laboratory media
- opportunistic pathogens

A

Genus Actinomyces

69
Q

Invasion of the mandible and, less commonly, the maxilla of cattle by Actinomyces bovis causes a chronic rarefying osteomyelitis.

A

Bovine actinomycosis (lumpy jaw)

70
Q

Pinhead-sized yellowish ‘sulphur granules’ are found

A

Bovine actinomycosis (lumpy jaw)

71
Q

Aerobic, nonmotile saprophytic actinomycetes
-causes opportunistic infection, associated with immunosuppression or may follow after a heavy challenge.

A

Genus Nocardia

72
Q

Genus Dermatophilus Species

A

D. congolensis
D. dermatonomus
D. pedis

73
Q

streptotrichosis in cattle

A

D. congolensis

74
Q

mycotic dermatitis in sheep

A

D. dermatonomus

75
Q

strawberry foot rot in sheep

76
Q

characterized by formation of crush and tendency to spread over large areas

A

Rain scald

77
Q

Form of disease in sheep

A

dermatitis of wool-covered areas, face (lumpy wool)
dermatitis of hairy parts of the face and strotum
dermatitis of lower leg (foot rot)

Flashcards (11 decks)

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