Pharma

Question 1

drugs that increase urinary loss of sodium ions (Na+) and water.

Answer 1

Diuretics

Question 2

Sodium and chloride ions are not reabsorbed but become progressively concentrated in luminal fluid as water is osmotically removed
into the hypertonic medullary interstitium.

Answer 2

Descending loop of Henle.

Question 3

Sixty-five percent of the filtered sodium and water is reabsorbed from this segment.

Answer 3

Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 4

Twenty-five percent of
the filtered sodium is reabsorbed in this segment.

Answer 4

Thick portion of the ascending loop of Henle

Question 5

Ten percent of filtered sodium is reabsorbed in this segment.

Answer 5

Early distal convoluted tubule

Question 6

Four percent of filtered
sodium is actively reabsorbed in this part of the nephron.

Answer 6

Late distal tubule and collecting duct

Question 7

Aldosterone acts at this segment
to increase luminal sodium channels resulting in increased sodium absorption and potassium excretion. Water is reabsorbed only if antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is
present.

Answer 7

Late distal tubule and collecting duct

Question 8

a derivation of phenoxyacetic acid.

Answer 8

Ethacrynic acid

Question 9

most commonly used loop diuretic in veterinary medicine

Answer 9

Furosemide

Question 10

inhibit electrolyte reabsorption in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. They act at the luminal face of the epithelial cell to inhibit Na+–K+–2Cl−cotransport into the cell.

Answer 10

Loop diuretics

Question 11

heterocyclic compounds whose structure includes a benzene ring with an unsubstituted sulfonamide group (–SO2NH2).

Answer 11

thiazides

Question 12

most common thiazides used in
veterinary medicine.

Answer 12

Chlorothiazide and hydrochlorothiazide

Question 13

a six-carbon sugar alcohol prepared as a 20–
25% aqueous solution.

Answer 13

Mannitol