Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OphthalmologyJaz > Systemic Disease And The Eye > Flashcards

Systemic Disease And The Eye Flashcards

1
Q

Surgical sieve of aetiologies of eye pathologies

A 
Vascular - main one
Tumour
Trauma
Demyelination
Inflam/infection
Congenital
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ix for CNVI nerve palsy

A

Cover test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Causes of CNVI palsy

A

Microvascular (most common)
Raised ICP (false localising sign)
Tumour
Congenital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Nerve responsible for intorsion- keeping eye straight when wiggle head

A

CNIV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Clinical features of CNIV bilateral palsy

Cause of it -

A

Torsion and chin depressed

Blunt head trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Causes of a CNIV palsy

A

Congenital decompensated (most common)
Microvascular
Tumour
Blunt head trauma (if bilateral)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

If pupil is involved in CNIII palsy then you must rule out ___

A

An aneurysm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Causes of CNIII palsy

A 
Microvascular (most common if pupil not involved)
Tumour
Aneurysm (if pupil involved)
MS
Congenital
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Common site of internuclear ophthalmoplegia

A

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Between nuclei of CNIII and VI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Causes of internuclear ophthalmoplegia

A

MS
Vascular
Demyelination
Stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Optic nerve pathology:
complete visual field loss can be caused by ___
visual field loss that abides by the horizontal can be caused by ___

A

tumour compressing nerve

vascular causes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

optic neuritis of the optic nerve is commonly caused by

A

MS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

tumours of the optic nerve (these are rare)

A

glioma
meningioma
haemangioma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

4 features of optic neuritis

A

unilateral progressive vision loss
pain behind the eye esp on movement
colour desaturation
central stromata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Rx for optic neuritis

A

none really - resolves over weeks/months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ix for optic neuritis and their appearance

A

MRI - inflamed optic nerve and maybe demyelination of white matter
fundoscopy - optic disc atrophy possibly - looks pale and featureless

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

pathology that can affect the optic chiasm (3)

A

pituitary tumour
craniopharyngioma
meningioma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

pathologies of the optic tract and radiations cause what kinds of visual field losses

A

homonomous
macula not spared
quadrantanopia
incongruous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

optic tract and radiations can be affected by which pathological processes?

A

tumours
demyelination
vascular abnormalities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

optic cortex can be affected by which pathological processes?

A

vascular disease (CVA)
demyelination
abscess

21
Q

pathologies of the optic cortex cause what kinds of visual field losses

A

homonomous
macular spared
congruous

22
Q

microaneurysms are visible on ophthalmoscope when they are ___ in size

A

20microns

23
Q

signs of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy

A 
microaneurysms
dot+blot haemorrhages
hard exudate
cotton wool spots
 venous calibre abnormalities
IRMA
24
Q

signs of proliferative diabetic retinopathy

A

neovasculisation of the disc (NVD) or peripherally (NVE)

if severe ischaemia the rubeosis iridis

25
Q

rubeosis iridis =

A

neovasculisation of the iris - sign of severe ischaemia

26
Q

causes of loss of vision in diabetics

A

retinal oedema affecting the fovea
vitreous haemorrhage
acrring/tractional retinal detachment

27
Q

Rx for diabetic retinopathy

A

optimise diabetic management
laser - PRP/macular grid (reduce demand)
Sx (vitrectomy)
rehab if blind/partially sighted

28
Q

features of hypertension in the eye

A 
attenuated blood vessels (copper/silver wiring)
cotton wool spots
hard exudate
retinal haemorrhage
optic disc oedema
29
Q

___ spot is a feature of CRAO due to ___

A

cherry red spot

pink choroid shows through retina as the rest of the retinal nerve fibre layer becomes swollen except at the fovea

30
Q

___ in CRVO correlates to reduction in vision and fundal appearance

A

degree of ischaemia

31
Q

VEGF being pumped out to the iris if CRVO causes extensive ischaemia =>

A

rubeousis iridis

32
Q

BRVO => ____ disturbance of vision, may be ___

A

painless

asymptomatic

33
Q

2 classes of causes of uveitis and some examples

A

non-infective (Sarcoid, Behcets, Juvenile arthritis, ank spond, idiopathic)
infective (tb, HZ, toxoplasmosis, candidiasis, syphilis, lyme disease)

34
Q

inflam of medium sized vessels ass with polymyalgia rheumatica

A

GCA

35
Q

ocular features of thyroid eye disease

A

ant segment - chemosis, injection, exposure, glaucoma

post segment - choroidal folds, optic nerve swelling

36
Q

multisystem immunological disease, anti DNA Ig, ocular inflam =

A

SLE

37
Q

RA can cause these 3 ocular problems

A

keratoconjunctivitis sicca, scleritis, corneal melt

38
Q

triad of Sjogren’s

A

keratoconjunctivitis sicca
xerostomia
RA

39
Q

Sjogrens can cause infiltration of ___

A

lacrimal glands

40
Q

eye problems associated with Marfan’s (4)

A

dislocated lens
retinal detachment
myopia
pre-senile cataracts

41
Q

erythema multiforme, symblepharon, occlusion of lacrimal glands and corneal ulcers are all features of

A

Stevens-Johnson syndrome

42
Q

symblepharon =

A

adhesion of palpebral to bulbar conjunctiva

43
Q

lesion in left optic nerve causes what visual field defect

A

left monocular vision loss

44
Q

lesion in optic chiasm causes what visual field defects

A

bitemporal hemianopia

45
Q

lesion in left optic tract causes what visual field defect

A

right homonomous hemianopia

46
Q

lesion in left temporal lobe optic radiation causes what visual field defect

A

right homonomous superior quadrantanopia

47
Q

lesion in left parietal lobe optic radiation causes what visual field defect

A

right homonomous inferior quadrantanopia

48
Q

lesion in left occipital cortex visual area causes what visual field defect

A

right homonomous hemianopia with macular sparing

49
Q

why is the macula spared in occipital cortex visual area lesions

A

has a different blood supply

OphthalmologyJaz (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions