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OphthalmologyJaz > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Epithelium of cornea is lipophilic/phobic
Stroma is ??
Cornea is a --_ sandwich
Makes drug penetration difficult

A

Epithelium = lipophilic
Stroma = lipophobic
Lipid water lipid

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2
Q

Corneal penetration is easy for ___ drugs

A

LMW

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3
Q

Chloramphenicol has __+__ properties and so easily penetrates the cornea

A

Lipophilic and phobic

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4
Q

Ocular surface inflam can ___ the hydrophobic nature of the corneal epithelium

A

Decrease

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5
Q

___/___ can be added to steroids that are topically applied to the eye to make them more hydrophobic

A

Alcohol

Acetate

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6
Q

___ is added to eye topical steroids to make them more hydrophilic

A

Phosphate

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7
Q

Prednisolone acetate topical is hydro___, used ___, ___ penetration in uninflamed cornea

A

Phobic
Post op
Good

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8
Q

Prednisolone phosphate is hydro___, used for ___/___, ___ penetration in uninflamed cornea

A

Philic
Cornea disease/low dose steroid needed
Poor

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9
Q

___ is used to enhance penetration of topical eye Rx because it disrupts the lipid layer of the tear film
Eg = used to lower IOP in glaucoma

A

Benzalkonium

Bimatoprost 0.01%

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10
Q

Can limit systemic absorption of topical eye drugs through the lacrimal duct by ___

A

Punctal occlusion

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11
Q

Subconjunctival delivery of drugs are deposited ___

For : (4 egs)

A 
To anterior and posterior segment
Glaucoma
CMV retinitis
AMD
PU
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12
Q

Subtenons injection location =

For (4 egs)

A 
Between capsule and sclera
DME
AMD
RVO
PU
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13
Q

Intravitreal drugs (3)

A

Steroids
Anti VEGF
Antibiotics for endophthalmitis

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14
Q

Intracameral injection site -

Purpose

A

Anterior chamber

Anaesthetics

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15
Q

Drugs used for inflam in eye disease

A

Steroid
Topical NSAIDs
Antihistamines
Mast cell stabilisers

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16
Q

Topical steroid indications in eye disease

A

Post op cataracts
Uveitis
Prevent corneal graft rejection

17
Q

Used in hayfever/allergic conjunctivitis

A

Antihistamines and mast cellstabilisers

18
Q

Local side effects of steroids in the eye

A

Cataract
Glaucoma
Exacerbates viral infection

19
Q

When are topical NSAIDs used in the. Eye

A

For pain relief eg post refractive laser

20
Q

Glaucoma are a group of diseases characterised by _____ leading to ____

A

A progressive optic neuropathy

Visual field defects

21
Q

Rx of glaucoma 1st line =

A

Prostanoids - latanoprost (xanatan)

22
Q

Rx for glaucoma options

A 
Prostanoids (1st) eg latanoprost
Beta blocker eg timolol, betaxolol
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors eg topical dorzolamide, PO acetazolamide
Alpha2 agonist eg brimonidine
Parasympathometic - pilocarpine
Combo of dorzolamide and timolol
23
Q

LA method of action in the eye =

Indications

A 
Block Na channels and impede nerve conduction
Fb removal
Tonometry
Corneal scrape
To examine
24
Q

Fluorescein Ix indications

A

Corneal abrasion
Tonometry
Nasolacrimal duct obstruction
Angiography

25
Q

Mydriatics examples

A

Tropicamide

Cyclopentolate

26
Q

How do mydriatics do what they do?

A

Block parasymps to iris and so pupil dilates

27
Q

Rare side effect of mydriatics

To safety net tell ptnt to

A

Acute closed angle glaucoma

Come back if thumping headache/doesnt wear off

28
Q

Effect of sympathomimetics

Examples

A

Enhance symp to iris to make pupil dilate (doesnt affect ciliary muscle so accomodation is ok)
Lasts longer than mydriatic
Phenylephrine, atropine

29
Q

Vibagatran Side effect on the eye

A

Constrict visual fields

30
Q

Ethambutol side effect on the eye

A

Optic neuropathy

31
Q

Chloroquine. Side effect on the eye

A

Maculopathy (screen for this if on it more than 5yrs)

32
Q

Yellow pigment line across cornea is caused by what drug

A

Amiodarone

OphthalmologyJaz (13 decks)

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