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Neurology > Systemic and Metabolic Disorders > Flashcards

Systemic and Metabolic Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are the effects of B1 deficiency?

A
  • Cardiomyopathy
  • Peripheral neuropathy
  • Wernicke-Korsakoff
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2
Q

What is classic triad for Wernicke’s syndrome?

A
  • Delirium
  • Ataxia
  • Ophthalmoplegia
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3
Q

What area of the brain is affected with Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

A

Mamillary bodies

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4
Q

What are the neurological s/sx of B12 deficiency?

A

Distal symmetric sensory loss with UMN and MS changes

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5
Q

What are the s/sx of B6 deficiencies?

A
  • Sensory ataxia
  • Neuropathy
  • Seborrhoeic dermatitis
  • atrophic glossitis
  • angular cheilitis
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6
Q

What drug can cause a B6 deficiency?

A

Isoniazid

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7
Q

What are the s/sx of niacin (B3) deficiency?

A

Pellagra:
Dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and death

Neuropathy

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8
Q

What are the s/sx of vitamin A deficiency?

A
  • Night blindness

- Xerophthalmia

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9
Q

What are the ss/x of vitamin D deficiency?

A

Weakness

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10
Q

What are the s/sx of vitamin E deficiency?

A
  • Neuropathy

- Spinocerebellar ataxia

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11
Q

What are the s/sx of vitamin K deficiency?

A

No neurological s/sx, but coagulopathy may result in ICH

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12
Q

What are the s/sx of hypernatremia?

A
  • MS changes
  • Szs
  • Weakness
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13
Q

What are the s/sx of hyponatremia?

A
  • MS changes

- Szs

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14
Q

Rapid correction of hyper or hyponatremia may result in osmotic demyelination? What is this called?

A

Hyponatremia–Central pontine myelinolysis

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15
Q

Which is usually more symptomatic: hyper or hyponatremia?

A

Hyponatremia

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16
Q

What are the s/sx of hypokalemia?

A

Weakness

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17
Q

What are the s/sx of hypercalcemia? Causes?

A
  • MS changes, cramps, weakness

- malignancy, hyperparathyroidism

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18
Q

What are the s/sx of hypocalcemia?

A
  • Hypoparathyroidism
  • Renal failure
  • Pancreatitis

Tetany

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19
Q

What is Chvostek’s sign? Trousseau’s sign?

A

Chvostek’s = facial nerve tapping

Trousseau’s sign = BP cuff

Both are from hypocalcemia

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20
Q

What are the s/sx of hypermagnesemia?

A

Hyporeflexia, lethargy

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21
Q

What usually causes hypomagnesemia?

A

IVF
Renal failure
Antacids

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22
Q

What do we treat with Mg that can cause hypermagnesemia?

A

Eclampsia

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23
Q

What are the s/sx of hypomagnesemia?

A

Like hypocalcemia

24
Q

What are the s/sx of hypoglycemia?

A
  • MS changes
  • Seizures
  • Focal cerebral dysfunction
25
Q

What are the s/sx of hyperglycemia?

A
  • DKA

- MS changes

26
Q

True or false: hypoglycemia can cause focal neurological deficits

27
Q

What is posterior reversible encephalopathy (PRES)? What are the s/sx of this?

A

HTN caused encephalopathy that occurs in the posterior aspect of the brain

  • Accelerated HTN
  • HA, seizures, MS changes
  • Papilledema
28
Q

What may an MRI show with PRES?

A

Parieto-occipital white matter changes

29
Q

What are the neurological s/sx of hypoxia 2/2 pulmonary dz?

A
  • HAs
  • Lethargic
  • MS changes
30
Q

What are the s/sx of hepatic encephalopathy?

A
  • Asterixis
  • MS changes
  • Encephalopathy
31
Q

What are the EEG findings of hepatic encephalopathy?

A

Triphasic waves

32
Q

What are the neurological s/sx of renal dz?

A
  • MS changes
  • Asterixis
  • Seizures
  • Myoclonus
  • Polyneuropathy
33
Q

CNS infection in renal disease = what infectious agent?

34
Q

Why hypocalcemia with pancreatic disease?

A

Pancreatitis enzymes use Ca

35
Q

What are the s/sx of hashimoto’s encephalopathy?

A
  • Relapsing progressive ms changes

- Periodic paralysis

36
Q

What must always be checked with neurological s/sx 2/2 thyroid issues?

A

Anti-TPO antibodies

37
Q

What is the treatment for dementia 2/2 thyroid dysfunction?

38
Q

What is the most common hematological disorder that can cause neurological s/sx?

A

Sickle cell anemia

39
Q

What is TTP? What are the neuro s/sx of this?

A

-inhibition of the ADAMTS13 metalloprotease responsible for cleaving large numbers of vWF, causing an increase in the number of platelets adhering to sites of damage, and thrombocytopenia

  • Hallucinations
  • Delerium
  • HAs
40
Q

Neurosarcoidosis usually presents?

A
  • Multiple different cranial neuropathies

- Aseptic meningitis

41
Q

How do you definitively diagnose neurosarcoidosis?

42
Q

Who usually gets Takayasu Arteritis?

A

Young adult asian women or children

43
Q

What are the neurological disturbances with Takayasu arteritis?

A

Focal cerebral ischemia or subclavian steal

44
Q

What is Takayasu arteritis? What vessels are usually affected?

A

Large vessel granulomatous vasculitis, usually affecting the aorta and pulmonary arteries, that usually causes diminished peripheral pulses

45
Q

What is Kawasaki disease? What is the classic sign? What are the neuro s/sx? Who is usually affected?

A
  • Autoimmune medium sized vasculitis. Can cause coronary aneurysms.
  • Strawberry tongue
  • Facial weakness, seizures, strokes
  • Infants and children
46
Q

What is polyarteritis nodosa? What are the neuro s/sx? Who is usually affected?

A

a systemic vasculitis of small- or medium-sized muscular arteries, causing ischemic damage to the skin, kidneys, nervous system. Can cause MI.

47
Q

What is Wegener’s granulomatosis? What are the neuro s/sx? Who is usually affected?

A

a systemic disorder that involves both granulomatosis and polyangiitis. It is a form of vasculitis (inflammation of blood vessels) that affects small- and medium-size vessels in many organs. Damage to the lungs and kidneys (RPGN) can be fatal.

Mononeuritis multiplex

48
Q

What is the ab that is elevated with Wegener’s granulomatosis?

49
Q

What are the renal problem of Wegener’s?

50
Q

What is primary CNS angiitis? S/sx?

A

-Idiopathic inflammation of blood vessels only in the CNS

  • HA
  • Sz
  • MS change
51
Q

What is neuroleptic malignant syndrome? S/sx?

A
  • Life-threatening adverse reaction to neuroleptic or antipsychotics
  • Fever, autonomic instability, MS change, rigidity
52
Q

What is the treatment for NMS?

A

Dopaminergic antagonists or discontinuance of dopaminergic agents

53
Q

What are the s/sx of serotonin syndrome? Treatment?

A
  • MS change
  • Fever
  • Hemodynamic instability
54
Q

What is the typical type of neurologic s/sx of thyroid dz?

A

Periodic paralysis

55
Q

What are the neuro s/sx of sickle cell disease?

A

Strokes
Seizures
CNS infections

Neurology (23 decks)

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