Systemic and Metabolic Disorders Flashcards
What are the effects of B1 deficiency?
- Cardiomyopathy
- Peripheral neuropathy
- Wernicke-Korsakoff
What is classic triad for Wernicke’s syndrome?
- Delirium
- Ataxia
- Ophthalmoplegia
What area of the brain is affected with Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?
Mamillary bodies
What are the neurological s/sx of B12 deficiency?
Distal symmetric sensory loss with UMN and MS changes
What are the s/sx of B6 deficiencies?
- Sensory ataxia
- Neuropathy
- Seborrhoeic dermatitis
- atrophic glossitis
- angular cheilitis
What drug can cause a B6 deficiency?
Isoniazid
What are the s/sx of niacin (B3) deficiency?
Pellagra:
Dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and death
Neuropathy
What are the s/sx of vitamin A deficiency?
- Night blindness
- Xerophthalmia
What are the ss/x of vitamin D deficiency?
Weakness
What are the s/sx of vitamin E deficiency?
- Neuropathy
- Spinocerebellar ataxia
What are the s/sx of vitamin K deficiency?
No neurological s/sx, but coagulopathy may result in ICH
What are the s/sx of hypernatremia?
- MS changes
- Szs
- Weakness
What are the s/sx of hyponatremia?
- MS changes
- Szs
Rapid correction of hyper or hyponatremia may result in osmotic demyelination? What is this called?
Hyponatremia–Central pontine myelinolysis
Which is usually more symptomatic: hyper or hyponatremia?
Hyponatremia
What are the s/sx of hypokalemia?
Weakness
What are the s/sx of hypercalcemia? Causes?
- MS changes, cramps, weakness
- malignancy, hyperparathyroidism
What are the s/sx of hypocalcemia?
- Hypoparathyroidism
- Renal failure
- Pancreatitis
Tetany
What is Chvostek’s sign? Trousseau’s sign?
Chvostek’s = facial nerve tapping
Trousseau’s sign = BP cuff
Both are from hypocalcemia
What are the s/sx of hypermagnesemia?
Hyporeflexia, lethargy
What usually causes hypomagnesemia?
IVF
Renal failure
Antacids
What do we treat with Mg that can cause hypermagnesemia?
Eclampsia