Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Neurology > Systemic and Metabolic Disorders > Flashcards

Systemic and Metabolic Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are the effects of B1 deficiency?

A
  • Cardiomyopathy
  • Peripheral neuropathy
  • Wernicke-Korsakoff
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is classic triad for Wernicke’s syndrome?

A
  • Delirium
  • Ataxia
  • Ophthalmoplegia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What area of the brain is affected with Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

A

Mamillary bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the neurological s/sx of B12 deficiency?

A

Distal symmetric sensory loss with UMN and MS changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the s/sx of B6 deficiencies?

A
  • Sensory ataxia
  • Neuropathy
  • Seborrhoeic dermatitis
  • atrophic glossitis
  • angular cheilitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What drug can cause a B6 deficiency?

A

Isoniazid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the s/sx of niacin (B3) deficiency?

A

Pellagra:
Dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and death

Neuropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the s/sx of vitamin A deficiency?

A
  • Night blindness

- Xerophthalmia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the ss/x of vitamin D deficiency?

A

Weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the s/sx of vitamin E deficiency?

A
  • Neuropathy

- Spinocerebellar ataxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the s/sx of vitamin K deficiency?

A

No neurological s/sx, but coagulopathy may result in ICH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the s/sx of hypernatremia?

A
  • MS changes
  • Szs
  • Weakness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the s/sx of hyponatremia?

A
  • MS changes

- Szs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Rapid correction of hyper or hyponatremia may result in osmotic demyelination? What is this called?

A

Hyponatremia–Central pontine myelinolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which is usually more symptomatic: hyper or hyponatremia?

A

Hyponatremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the s/sx of hypokalemia?

A

Weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the s/sx of hypercalcemia? Causes?

A
  • MS changes, cramps, weakness

- malignancy, hyperparathyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the s/sx of hypocalcemia?

A
  • Hypoparathyroidism
  • Renal failure
  • Pancreatitis

Tetany

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is Chvostek’s sign? Trousseau’s sign?

A

Chvostek’s = facial nerve tapping

Trousseau’s sign = BP cuff

Both are from hypocalcemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the s/sx of hypermagnesemia?

A

Hyporeflexia, lethargy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What usually causes hypomagnesemia?

A

IVF
Renal failure
Antacids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What do we treat with Mg that can cause hypermagnesemia?

A

Eclampsia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the s/sx of hypomagnesemia?

A

Like hypocalcemia

24
Q

What are the s/sx of hypoglycemia?

A
  • MS changes
  • Seizures
  • Focal cerebral dysfunction
25
What are the s/sx of hyperglycemia?
- DKA | - MS changes
26
True or false: hypoglycemia can cause focal neurological deficits
True
27
What is posterior reversible encephalopathy (PRES)? What are the s/sx of this?
HTN caused encephalopathy that occurs in the posterior aspect of the brain - Accelerated HTN - HA, seizures, MS changes - Papilledema
28
What may an MRI show with PRES?
Parieto-occipital white matter changes
29
What are the neurological s/sx of hypoxia 2/2 pulmonary dz?
- HAs - Lethargic - MS changes
30
What are the s/sx of hepatic encephalopathy?
- Asterixis - MS changes - Encephalopathy
31
What are the EEG findings of hepatic encephalopathy?
Triphasic waves
32
What are the neurological s/sx of renal dz?
- MS changes - Asterixis - Seizures - Myoclonus - Polyneuropathy
33
CNS infection in renal disease = what infectious agent?
Listeria
34
Why hypocalcemia with pancreatic disease?
Pancreatitis enzymes use Ca
35
What are the s/sx of hashimoto's encephalopathy?
- Relapsing progressive ms changes | - Periodic paralysis
36
What must always be checked with neurological s/sx 2/2 thyroid issues?
Anti-TPO antibodies
37
What is the treatment for dementia 2/2 thyroid dysfunction?
Steroids
38
What is the most common hematological disorder that can cause neurological s/sx?
Sickle cell anemia
39
What is TTP? What are the neuro s/sx of this?
-inhibition of the ADAMTS13 metalloprotease responsible for cleaving large numbers of vWF, causing an increase in the number of platelets adhering to sites of damage, and thrombocytopenia - Hallucinations - Delerium - HAs
40
Neurosarcoidosis usually presents?
- Multiple different cranial neuropathies | - Aseptic meningitis
41
How do you definitively diagnose neurosarcoidosis?
Bx
42
Who usually gets Takayasu Arteritis?
Young adult asian women or children
43
What are the neurological disturbances with Takayasu arteritis?
Focal cerebral ischemia or subclavian steal
44
What is Takayasu arteritis? What vessels are usually affected?
Large vessel granulomatous vasculitis, usually affecting the aorta and pulmonary arteries, that usually causes diminished peripheral pulses
45
What is Kawasaki disease? What is the classic sign? What are the neuro s/sx? Who is usually affected?
- Autoimmune medium sized vasculitis. Can cause coronary aneurysms. - Strawberry tongue - Facial weakness, seizures, strokes - Infants and children
46
What is polyarteritis nodosa? What are the neuro s/sx? Who is usually affected?
a systemic vasculitis of small- or medium-sized muscular arteries, causing ischemic damage to the skin, kidneys, nervous system. Can cause MI.
47
What is Wegener's granulomatosis? What are the neuro s/sx? Who is usually affected?
a systemic disorder that involves both granulomatosis and polyangiitis. It is a form of vasculitis (inflammation of blood vessels) that affects small- and medium-size vessels in many organs. Damage to the lungs and kidneys (RPGN) can be fatal. Mononeuritis multiplex
48
What is the ab that is elevated with Wegener's granulomatosis?
c-ANCA
49
What are the renal problem of Wegener's?
RPGN
50
What is primary CNS angiitis? S/sx?
-Idiopathic inflammation of blood vessels only in the CNS - HA - Sz - MS change
51
What is neuroleptic malignant syndrome? S/sx?
- Life-threatening adverse reaction to neuroleptic or antipsychotics - Fever, autonomic instability, MS change, rigidity
52
What is the treatment for NMS?
Dopaminergic antagonists or discontinuance of dopaminergic agents
53
What are the s/sx of serotonin syndrome? Treatment?
- MS change - Fever - Hemodynamic instability
54
What is the typical type of neurologic s/sx of thyroid dz?
Periodic paralysis
55
What are the neuro s/sx of sickle cell disease?
Strokes Seizures CNS infections

Neurology (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions