Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neurology > Autonomic Disorders > Flashcards

Autonomic Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

True or false: orthostatic hypotension is a sign of advanced autonomic failure

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

True or false: impairments throughout the NS can produce autonomic s/sx

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the three major cardiovagal heart rate tests?

A
  • HR response to deep breathing
  • HR response to valsalva
  • HR response to standing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the two major adrenergic vasoconstriction (SNS) tests?

A
  • BP valsalva maneuver response

- BP response to standing or tilt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for orthostatic hypotension?

A

Drop of 20 / 10 or more upon standing from a supine position immediately, at 1 min, and 3 minutes after standing. Pulse should also increases by more than 20 bpm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Should a patient ever be checked in the sitting position for orthostasis?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How much should pulse go up in checking orthostatics with low blood volume? What if it does not?

A

At least 20

If not, then autonomic dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the treatments for orthostatic hypotension?

A
  • HOB elevation
  • Leg crossing, squatting
  • Avoid prolonged standing
  • Arise slowly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the dietary change that should be added with orthostatic hypotension?

A

Increased salt intake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the role of compression stocking and abdominal binders in treating orthostatic hypotension?

A

Used but not very effective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the first line agents for treatment of orthostatic hypotension? (4)

A
  • Fludrocortisone
  • Midodrine
  • EPO
  • Vasopressin analogues
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the MOA of midodrine?

A

alpha-1 agonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the MOA of clonidine?

A

Alpha-2 agonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is multi system atrophy (shy-Drager syndrome)?

A

Autonomic failure of orthostatic hypotension, impotence, and bladder/bowel dysfunction. Often presents as PD that is not responsive to L-DOPA treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the motor s/sx of MSA?

A

Parkinson Disease and cerebellar dysfunctions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How common is orthostatic hypotension with Parkinson’s?

A

Uncommon

17
Q

What is the major bowel problem with PD?

A

Constipation

18
Q

What are the s/sx of pure ANS failure (aka idiopathic orthostatic hypotension)?

A

-Idiopathic orthostatic hypotension

19
Q

What are the ANS s/sx of GB syndrome?

A
  • Tachyarrhythmia
  • Bradycardia or asystole
  • Large swings in BP
  • Urinary retention
  • Pupil dysfunction
  • GI dysmotility with ileus
20
Q

What are the heart ANS dysfunction with GB syndrome?

A
  • Tachyarrhythmia
  • Bradycardia or asystole
  • Large swings in BP
21
Q

What are the CSF findings of GB syndrome?

A

Large amount of protein, low cell counts

22
Q

What are the GU and GI ANS s/sx of GB syndrome?

A
  • Urinary retention

- GI dysmotility with ileus

23
Q

What are the eye ANS findings associated with GB syndrome?

A

Pupil dysfunction

24
Q

What is acute autonomic neuropathy?

A

Similar to GB syndrome, but with pandysautonomia with progression over weeks

25
Q

What is the most common paraneoplastic syndrome?

A

SCLC

26
Q

What is the classic lung cancer that causes Lambert-Eaton syndrome?

A

antibodies are formed against presynaptic voltage-gated calcium channels, and likely other nerve terminal proteins, in the neuromuscular junction

27
Q

What are the s/sx of subacute sensory neuropathy?

A
  • Dysesthesias

- Autonomic neuropathy

28
Q

What is the most common paraneoplastic cause of enteric neuronopathy?

A

SCLC

29
Q

What are the ANS s/sx of DM neuropathy? (4)

A
  • Orthostatic hypotension
  • Bladder dysfunction
  • Poor gut motility
  • sudomotor dysfunction
30
Q

What are the three major infectious causes of autonomic neuropathy?

A
  • HIV
  • Leprosy
  • Syphilis
31
Q

What is the most common cause of neuropathy in the US? Worldwide?

A

DM in the US

Leprosy in the world

32
Q

What is postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS)?

A

Postural related tachycardia w/o BP changes

30 BPM difference

33
Q

What are the s/sx of POTS? (4)

A
  • Lightheaded
  • Fatigue
  • Weakness
  • MS change
34
Q

Is there autonomic dysfunction with hyperhidrosis?

A

No

35
Q

What change in orthostatic hypotension indicates an autonomic dysfunction, as compared to just volume depletion?

A

No change in HR is indicative of autonomic dysfunction

Neurology (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions