Lesion Localization

Question 1

What are the components of the neuroaxis? (5)

Answer 1

• Brain
• Spinal cord
• peripheral nerves
• NM junction
• Muscle

Question 2

What are the three components of the brain?

Answer 2

• Cortex
• Subcortex
• Brainstem/cerebellum

Question 3

What are the three components of the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 3

• Nerve root
• Neuromuscular junction
• Muscle

Question 4

What are the components of the upper motor neuron?

Answer 4

• Cortex
• Subcortex
• Brainstem
• Cerebellum
• Spinal cord

Question 5

Are fasciculations an UMN or LMN lesion?

Answer 5

LMN

Question 6

What is agnosia?

Answer 6

the inability to process sensory information. Often there is a loss of ability to recognize objects, persons, sounds, shapes, or smells while the specific sense is not defective nor is there any significant memory los

Question 7

What is apraxia?

Answer 7

a motor disorder caused by damage to the brain (specifically the posterior parietal cortex), in which someone has difficulty with the motor planning to perform tasks or movements when asked,

Question 8

What are the two major causes of cognition disturbances?

Answer 8

Dementia

Delirium

Question 9

Are visual field deficits a cortex or subcortex sign?

Answer 9

Subcortex

Question 10

Pure motor or pure sensory deficits are usually subcortical. Why?

Answer 10

Subcortical–Would have to hit a huge area of the homunculus if it were cortical, and have a lot of accompanying s/sx

Question 11

What is dyssynergia?

Answer 11

Slow movement with FNF

Question 12

What is ataxia?

Answer 12

Incoordination out of proportion to the amount of paresis

Question 13

CN deficits are caused by lesions where?

Answer 13

In the brainstem

Question 14

Crossed signs point to a lesion where?

Answer 14

Brainstem involvement

Question 15

Prominent dysarthria points to a lesion where?

Answer 15

Brainstem

Question 16

Myelopathy indicates a lesion where?

Answer 16

Spinal sensory level

Question 17

Myelopathy usually involves what symptoms?

Answer 17

Bladder and bowel involvement

Question 18

How do you test for myelopathy?

Answer 18

Check sensations in dermatomes

Question 19

True or false: radiculopathy is usually symmetric

Answer 19

False–asymmetric

Question 20

How does radicular pain present?

Answer 20

Sharp and shooting pain in a dermatomal distribution

May show a radiculopathy

Question 21

How does peripheral nerve neuropath present?

Answer 21

Distribution along a specific nerve

Question 22

Multiple peripheral nerve symptoms typically point to what sort of problem?

Answer 22

Entrapment or diffuse process (e.g. DM neuropathy)

Question 23

What is the hallmark sign of neuromuscular junction problems?

Answer 23

Fluctuating motor weakness with easy fatigability

Diurnal variation

Question 24

The more profound the muscle atrophy = what type of problem?

Answer 24

LMN lesions

Question 25

Which has distal weakness more than proximal: neuropathy/myopathy?

Answer 25

Myopathy = proxima greater than distal Neuro = distal greater than proximal

Question 26

What is the dividing line of UMN/LMN?

Answer 26

Becomes LMN as soon as it exits the spinal cord.

Question 27

Language deficits usually result from lesions where (generally)?

Answer 27

Lesions in the cortex

Question 28

If a spinal sensory level is involved, where is the lesion?

Answer 28

Spinal cord

Question 29

Which has a more profound muscle atrophy: UMN or LMN neuropathies?

Answer 29

LMN

Question 30

Which presents with sensory signs: myopathy or neuropathy?

Answer 30

Neuropathy