Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neurology > MS > Flashcards

MS Flashcards

1
Q

Does MS affect gray matter?

A

Somewhat–but mostly white matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the most common type of demyelinating disease?

A

MS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the pathophysiology of MS?

A

Autoimmune attack against the oligodendrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the geographical distribution of MS?

A

Increased in the temperate zones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the ratio of MS in females:males?

A

2-3:1 females:males

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the peak age of onset for MS?

A

33

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What virus is present in almost all MS patients?

A

EBV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Titers of what virus increase with MS?

A

EBV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the risk of developing MS if you have a 1st degree relative?

A

2-6%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What ethnicity is usually affected with MS?

A

Caucasians

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the risk to children if a pt has MS?

A

1/40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the concordance rate between identical twin for MS?

A

30%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the HLA haplotype that is implicated with MS?

A

HLA-DR2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the immunology behind MS?

A

Predominately an aberrant T-cell mediated disease, caused by activation of circulating CD4 cells specific for myelin basic protein.

These cells are allowed to cross the BBB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the outcome of axonal degeneration?

A

Either heal or terminate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the three types of MS? Which is most common?

A
  • Relapsing-remitting
  • Primary progressive
  • Secondary progressive
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What percent of MS patients have a benign course? Intermediate? Malignant?

A 
Benign = 10-20%
Intermediate = 70-80%
Malignant = 10%
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which gender is a negative prognostic indicator?

A

Male

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Is younger or older age at onset of MS associated with worse outcome?

A

Older

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Symptoms from what part of the brain is a significantly poor prognostic indicator for MS?

A

Posterior fossa symptoms at onset (cerebellar)

21
Q

What ethnicity have a worse course of MS?

A

Blacks

22
Q

True or false: significant residual disability from the first attack of MS has no prognostic value

A

False–prognosticates a bad outcome

23
Q

What are the three majors tests that may be useful in diagnosing MS?

A
  • CSF
  • MRI
  • Evoked potentials
24
Q

What exam findings are indicative of MS?

A
  • UMN s/sx
  • RAPD
  • Disk edema
25
Q

What is the largest white matter tract in the brain?

A

Corpus callosum

26
Q

Lesion in what part of the brain is classic for MS?

A

Corpus callosum

27
Q

What is the role of Gadolinium in imaging?

A

Lights up white matter damage 60 days or less in age

28
Q

What are the CSF findings of MS? (4)

A
  • Pleocytosis of less than 50 WBC
  • Protein elevation
  • Elevated IgG synthesis rate
  • Oligoclonal IgG bands
29
Q

What is the visual evoked response test? How helpful is this to diagnose MS?

A

Measure of how fast information from the optic nerve head travels to the primary visual cortex

30
Q

What is Devic’s disease (neuromyelitis optica)?

A

-B-cell mediated inflammatory and demyelinating disease that has a predilection for the optic nerve

31
Q

What is the blood test for Devic’s disease?

A

Aquaporin-4 ab (NMO IgG)

32
Q

What is acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)? What usually precipitates the disease? S/sx?

A
  • Rare autoimmune disease marked by a sudden widespread attack of inflammation in the brain and spinal cord.
  • Usually brought on after a viral infection
  • HA, n/v, coma, vision impairment
33
Q

What is the use and MOA of fampridine? Major side effect?

A
  • Improves gait in MS patients by blocking K channels, to speed conduction along a demyelinated axon
  • Sz
34
Q

What is the vitamin that MS patients should take?

A

Vitamin D

35
Q

What is the major immunomodulation therapy for MS?

A

Beta-IFN to help modulate the immune system

36
Q

What are the two antibodies that are used in the treatment of MS?

A

Natalizumab

Alemtuzumab

37
Q

What denotes the highest risk of getting MS? What is the chance of getting it?

A

If both parents have MS–35%

38
Q

What are the three major receptor interactions between APCs and CD4+ T cells?

A

CD28 - B7
CD40L and CD40
MHC receptors

39
Q

What is the role of VCAM-1?

A

Mediates the adhesion of WBCs to the vascular endothelium

40
Q

What is the role of ICAM-1 (aka CD54)? What protein does it bind to on WBCs?

A

Binds to LFA-1 on WBCs

41
Q

What are the cell signals that upregulate VCAM-1 and ICAM-1? (2)

A
  • TNF-alpha

- IL-1

42
Q

True or false: H and P is still the mainstay of diagnosis for MS

A

True

43
Q

What is the prognosis for acute disseminated encephalomyelitis?

A

Most recover completely over months

44
Q

What is the treatment for acute disseminated encephalomyelitis?

A

Corticosteroids

45
Q

Does acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) usually involve white or gray matter?

A

Both

46
Q

Is acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) usually monophasic, biphasic, or multiphasic?

A

Monophasic

47
Q

What is the MOA Of alemtuzumab? Use?

A
  • CLL, and MS treatment

- Ab against CD52, which targets mature lymphocytes

48
Q

What is the MOA Of natalizumab? Use? Major side effect?

A
  • IgG against adhesion molecules alpha-4-integrin, to inhibit cells to pass through cell layers of the BBB
  • Treats MS and crohn’s disease
  • PML
49
Q

What is the MOA Of daclizumab? Use?

A
  • Prevents organ rejection and MS

- Binds to CD25 (IL-2 receptor on T cells)

Neurology (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions