Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neurology > Seizures > Flashcards

Seizures Flashcards

1
Q

Myoclonic seizures, in particular, may have a focus where in the brain?

A

Subcortical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the ions concentrations that are present at rest within a neuron?

A

K is in, Na is out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the role (physiological mechanism) of antiepileptics in preventing seizures?

A

Stop the spread of abnormal impulse, not stopping the abnormal impulse from happening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Odd numbers on an EEG represents what? Even?

A 
Even = Right side
Odd = Left side
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the definition of epilepsy?

A

More than 1, unprovoked seizure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which gender has a higher prevalence of epilepsy?

A

Males

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What percent of epileptic patients function normally?

A

80%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What percent of epileptics are free of seizures with medication?

A

60%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What percent of epileptics report side effects from the medications?

A

50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

There is an increased incidence of epilepsy with what conditions (2), and in what population?

A
  • Developmental delay
  • Psychosis
  • Prison population
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Can you drive a car with occasional epilepsy?

A

Nah dawg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the endocrine problems with epilepsy meds?

A

Amenorrhea

Hirsutism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the major metabolic effects of epilepsy meds

A

Osteoporosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is SUDEP?

A

Sudden unexplained death in epilepsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Are seizures a symptom or a disorder?

A

Symptom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do you classify seizures?

A

By where the seizure begins (partial vs generalized)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the 7 types of generalized seizures?

A
  • Tonic
  • Clonic
  • Tonic-clonic
  • Atonic
  • Myoclonic
  • Absence
  • Infantile spasms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is decerebrate posturing? Decorticate? What does each mean?

A

Decerebrate = arms extended d/t subcortical lesion

Decorticate = arms flexed d/t cortal insult

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Is there always LOC with generalized seizures?

A

Yes–definition of generalized seizure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the usual duration of generalized seizures?

A

3-5 minutes–more than 5 is status epilepticus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Do seizures in themselves cause brain damage?

A

No–but aspiration, pneumonia, etc can

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

True or false: seizures beget seizures

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the EEG patterns of absence seizures?

A

3 hz spike and slow wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the EEG patterns of frontotemporal seizures?

A

Frontal temporal spikes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the EEG findings of Juvenile myoclonic seizures?

A

Less than 3-6 hz polyspike and wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the prognosis for absence seizures?

A

Normal development, and no lasting issues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is myoclonus?

A

Intermittent Jerking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

True or false: atonic seizures are usually associated with MR

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What percent of seizures are partial seizures?

A

80%– the other generalized, obviously

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the difference between complex and simple partial?

A

Alteration or LOC or w/ complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are the four major simple partial seizures?

A
  • Motor
  • Sensory
  • Autonomic
  • Psychic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are the three broad types of partial seizures?

A
  • Simple partial
  • Complex partial
  • With secondary generalization
33
Q

Left temporal spikes on EEG may be indicative of what?

A

Mesial Temporal sclerosis–scarring and atrophy of the hippocampus

34
Q

What is Lennox-Gastaut syndrome?

A

Seizures of various types that occur 2/2 brain insult early on (usually progression of infantile spasm)

35
Q

How similar are episodes of recurrent seizures with epilepsy?

A

Usually similar

36
Q

What is Todd’s paralysis?

A

Weakness of a single limb in the postictal state that resolves before 48 hours.

37
Q

Do epilepsy patients have directed behavior?

A

No–always non-directed behavior

38
Q

What are the usual s/sx of nonconvulsive seizures?

A
  • Altered awareness
  • Staring/blinking
  • Repetitive movements
39
Q

What are the symptoms that are suggestive of behavioral (nonepileptic) events?

A

-Continuous, aberrant (variable) behavior with an identifiable emotional trigger

40
Q

Is there post-event confusion with behavioral (nonepileptic) events?

A

No

41
Q

Does behavioral (nonepileptic) events usually respond to treatment?

A

Nah

42
Q

What is the preferred method of securing an airway with a seizure?

A

Nasal tube (NPA)

43
Q

What is the dietary management for epilepsy? How, generally, does this work?

A

Ketogenic diet (80% of calories from fat)

Acidifies the blood to control seizures

44
Q

What are the surgery treatments for epilepsy?

A
  • Seizure focus resection
  • Brain stimulation
  • Corpus callosum transection
45
Q

True or false: the meds that are used for treating epilepsy usually prevent almost all seizures?

A

False–50% is “great” control

46
Q

What is the classic side effect of phenytoin?

A

Gingival hyperplasia

47
Q

What are the common side effects of anticonvulsants?

A
  • Sedation
  • Cognitive/behavioral
  • Rash
  • Weight gain
48
Q

What are the GI side effects of anticonvulsants?

A
  • Hepatotoxic
  • Diarrhea
  • Nausea
49
Q

Drugs that are bound to what or go through what type of metabolism, have a higher incidence of drug-drug interactions?

A

Protein bound or metabolized by the liver

50
Q

Erythromycin does what to p450 enzymes?

A

p450 inhibitor

51
Q

What is the role of the vagal nerve stimulation in controlling nerves?

A

Electric shocked q 3-5 minutes to active the RF of the pons

Variable response

52
Q

What is the definition of status epilepticus?

A

Frequent seizures without recovery from one seizure to the next or one seizure for more than 30 minutes

53
Q

What is the incidence of status epilepticus in the epileptic population?

A

1-4% of epileptic population

54
Q

What is the morbidity rate of status epilepticus?

A

20%

55
Q

What is the treatment for status epilepticus?

A
  • ABCs, oxygen, glucose, IVF

- Lorazepam 1-2 mg IV and Fosphenytoin.

56
Q

What are the first line drugs for status epilepticus?

A

Replace any drug they use. O/w Lorazepam and fosphenytoin.

57
Q

Why give glucose before thiamine?

A

Glucose will activate the Kreb’s cycle, and use up thiamine, precipitating Wernicke’s encephalopathy

58
Q

You alway use fosphenytoin, never phenytoin. Why?

A

Phenytoin is toxic to veins

59
Q

What is the law of driving and seizure?

A

Any episode where there is LOC within 6 months

60
Q

True or false: controlled epilepsy patients are equally safe as uncontrolled DM or heart disease

A

True

61
Q

True or false: epileptics are safer drivers than people with OSA

A

True

62
Q

What are the major problems with antiepileptic drugs and females?

A
  • Affect menstrual cycle
  • Hirsutism
  • PCOS
63
Q

What is the effect of antiepileptic meds on BCP? What should be done if there is breakthrough bleeding 2/2 antiepileptics?

A
  • Lowers effectiveness

- Increase estrogen

64
Q

What is the chance of malformations with antiepileptic meds?

A

1/20 (compared to 2/100 normally)

65
Q

Which antiepileptic meds in particular have teratogenic effects? (2)

A
  • Valproic acid

- Phenobarbital

66
Q

What is the current recommendation for antiepileptic drug in pregnancy?

A

Need to stay on drug, but choose the one that is most effective and safest in prego

67
Q

Why must meds be followed closely with prego?

A

Change in med [serum]

68
Q

What is the current recommendation of breastfeeding while on antiepileptic drugs?

A

Continue breastfeeding

69
Q

What are the sports that are concerning with epileptics?

A

Swimming

Gymnastics

70
Q

What is primary generalized epilepsy? Prognosis?

A

Idiopathic generalized seizures that recur. May resolve with adulthood, or may need lifelong treatment.

71
Q

What is the drug of choice for primary generalized epilepsy?

A

Valproic acid

72
Q

How long does it take for ischemic infarcts to show on CT?

A

12-24 hours

73
Q

What is carbatrol?

A

Long acting Carbamazepine (dissolving beads)

74
Q

What is a major side effect of aripiprazole? What type of drug is it?

A

lowers seizure threshold

is an atypical antipsychotic

75
Q

What lobe are psychic seizures usually located in?

A

Temporal

76
Q

Should Benzos be give to a patient who is seizing, but not in status epilepticus?

A

No

77
Q

What is the drug of choice for partial seizure ?

A

Carbamazepine

78
Q

What is the drug of choice for status epilepticus?

A

Phenytoin

Neurology (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions