Synthetic Antibacterial Agents pt. 1

Question 1

A synthetic antibacterial agent that is patterned after Nalidixic Acid and used to treat urinary tract infection due to good oral absorption, active against g(-), and high urinary concentration

Answer 1

Quinolones

Question 2

What is the action of first generation quinolones?

Answer 2

Have moderate gram-negative activity and minimal systemic distribution

Question 3

Example of first generation quinolones

Answer 3

Cinoxacin (Cinoxacin)
Nalidixic acid (NegGam, Wintomylon)
Oxolinic acid

Question 4

What is the action of second generation quinolones?

Answer 4

Expanded gram-negative activity and atypical pathogen coverage, but limited gram-positive activity

Question 5

Examples of second generation quinolones

Answer 5

Class I
Lomefloxacin (Maxaquin)
Norfloxacin (Noroxin)
Enoxacin (Penetrex)

Class II
Ofloxacin (Floxin)
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)

Question 6

Third generation quinolones action

Answer 6

Retain expanded gram-negative and atypical intracellular activity but have improved gram-positive coverage

Question 7

Third generation quinolones examples

Answer 7

Levofloxacin (Levaquin)
Sparfloxacin (Zagam)*
Moxifloxacin (Avelox)

Question 8

Fourth generation quinolones action

Answer 8

improve gram-positive coverage, maintain gram-negative coverage, and gain anaerobic coverage

Question 9

Examples of Fourth generation quinolones

Answer 9

Clinafloxacin
Gemifloxacin (Factive)
Moxifloxacin (Avelox,Vigamox)
Gatifloxacin (Tequin) 
Sitafloxacin
Trovafloxacin (Trovan) (withdrawn)

Question 10

Congener of Oxolinic acid and more completely absorbed, less protein-bound than Nalidixic acid

Answer 10

Cinoxacin

Question 11

Enoxacin, an enzyme inhibitor, has reduced bioavailability because of divalent metal ions.

True or False

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Enoxacin is used as a treatment for?

Answer 12

Treatment of UTI, STD, uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis and chancroid (STD caused by Haemophilus ducreyi)

Question 13

Norfloxacin is not effective against _______ ______, but increased potency for G(+) due to F at position ___.

Answer 13

obligate anaerobic

position 6

Question 14

Treatment of acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis by H. influenza or M. catarrhalis.

Answer 14

Lomefloxacin

Question 15

A drug of choice for bacterial gastroenteritis and prophylactic treatment for inhalational anthrax.

Answer 15

Ciprofloxacin

Question 16

The following statements are true about Ciprofloxacin, EXCEPT:

It is active against P. aeruginosa.
Used for tx of UTI, lower respiratory infections, sinusitis, diarrhea, bone, joint & skin infection, gonococcal urethritis.
An enzyme inhibitor

a. II only
b. I and III
c. III only
d. None of the above

Answer 16

d. NOTA

Ciprofloxacin is active against P. aeruginosa, an enzyme inhibitor and treats UTI, lower respiratory infections, sinusitis, diarrhea, bone, joint & skin infection, gonococcal urethritis.

Question 17

Better than Ciprofloxacin and low oral absorption by food

Answer 17

Ofloxacin

Question 18

Has long half-life and is used for bacterial gastroenteritis cholecystitis and the least phototoxic

Answer 18

Sparfloxacin

Question 19

Adverse effects of quinolones

Answer 19

QT prolongation
Hepatotoxicity
Abnormal/bitter taste
Tendon rupture
Rashes
Photosensitivity
Pruritus

Question 20

Quinolones is not recommended for use in patients below 18 years old, and pregnant/breastfeeding women.

T or F

Answer 20

True