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org med > Anti-Infective Agents pt. 2 > Flashcards

Anti-Infective Agents pt. 2 Flashcards

Cationic Surfactants Dyes Mercury Compounds Preservatives

1
Q

Which of the following are true about Cationic Surfactant?

I. All cationic surfactants are quaternary ammonium compounds.
II. They are ionized in water and exhibit surface-active properties.
III. Involves dissolution of surfactant into the microbial cell membrane, destabilization, and subsequent lysis.
IV. Has bactericidal action to gram (+), G (-) bacteria, pathogenic fungi, and protozoa.
V. AOTA

A

V. AOTA

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2
Q

Properties of Cationic surfactants

I. Highly water soluble, nontoxic, stable in sol, nonstaining, non corrosive, has keratolytic action to stratum corneum.
II. Inactivated by soap and anionic detergents.
III. Effectiveness is reduced by tissue debris, blood, serum, pus.
IV. Bactericidal action is slower than Iodine.

A. One of the statements is correct.
B. Two of the statements are correct.
C. Three of the statements are correct.
D. All of the statements are correct.
E. None of the statements is correct.
A

D. All of statements are correct

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3
Q

Also called as Zephiran and is used as detergent, emulsifier, and wetting agent.

A

Benzalkonium chloride

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4
Q

Ratio of Benzalkonium chloride when used as an antiseptic for skin and mucus membrane.

A

1:750 to 1:20,000

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5
Q

Ratio of Benzalkonium chloride when used as for irrigation.

A

1:20,000 to 1:40,000

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6
Q

Ratio of Benzalkonium chloride when used as for the storage of surgical instruments

A

1:750 to 1:50,000

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7
Q

Diaperene®

A

Methylbenzethonium chloride

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8
Q

Treatment of diaper rash in infants caused by C. albicans. Also used as general antiseptic.

A

Methylbenzethonium chloride

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9
Q

Ratio of benzethonium chloride when used as 1. Skin antiseptic and 2. Irrigation

A

Skin antiseptic: 1:750

Irrigation - 1:5,000

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10
Q

Most active alkylpyridinium compound

A

Cetylpyridinium chloride

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11
Q

Ratio of Cetylpyridinium chloride as 1. skin antiseptic and 2. minor laceration antiseptic

A

Skin antiseptic - 1:100 to 1:1,000

Minor Laceration antiseptic - 1:1,000

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12
Q

Ratio of Cetylpyridinium chloride for 1. Mucus membrane irrigation and 2. throat lozenges and mouthwash

A

Mucus membrane irrigation - 1:2,000 to 1:10,000

Throat lozenges - 1:20,000

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13
Q

Chlorhexidine gluconate is the most effective antibacterial biguanides. (T or F)

A

True

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14
Q

Which of the following is true about Chlorhexidine gluconate?

I. Has broad spectrum antibacterial activity and active against acid-fast bacteria, spores, and viruses.
II. Used as topical preoperative skin disinfectant, wound irrigation, mouthwash, and general sanitization.
III. Not absorbed through skin, mucous membrane, and has systemic toxicity.

a. I, II, III
b. I, II
c. I only
d. III

A

b. I, II

Correct answer:
I. Has broad spectrum antibacterial activity and NOT ACTIVE against acid-fast bacteria, spores, and viruses.
II. Used as topical preoperative skin disinfectant, wound irrigation, mouthwash, and general sanitization.
III. Not absorbed through skin, mucous membrane, and has NO systemic toxicity.

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15
Q

These are used extensively as anti-infectives before sulfonamides and antibiotics.

A

Dyes

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16
Q

Green powder or flakes with metallic sheen.

A

Gentian Violet

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17
Q

Uses of Gentian Violet

A

Vaginal suppositories for yeast infections
1% to 3% solution as treatment for ringworm, yeast infections
Treatment for strongyloidiasis and oxyuriasis.

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18
Q

Gentian Violet is soluble in water (1:35) and alcohol (1:10), but insoluble in polar organic solvents. (T or F)

A

FALSE

Gentian Violet is soluble in water (1:35) and alcohol (1:10), but insoluble in NONPOLAR organic solvents.

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19
Q

Mixture of chlorides of rosaniline and p-rosaniline with metallic and green crystalline powdery appearance.

A

Basic Fuschin

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20
Q

Mixture of chlorides of rosaniline and p-rosaniline with metallic appearance and is a green crystalline powder.

A

Basic Fuschin

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21
Q

Dark green crystalline powder with metallic appearance.

A

Methylene Blue

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22
Q

Uses of Methylene Blue

A 
Weak antiseptic (Tx for cystitis and urethritis)
Bacteriostatic
23
Q

T or F

Methylene Blue colors the urine blue green and the stool blue.

A

False

Methylene Blue colors the urine blue and the stool blue green.

24
Q

I. The interaction of mercuric ion with tissues is reduced by low water solubility thus can cause hypersensitivity.
II. The mechanism of its antibacterial activity is through the reaction with sulhydryl groups in enzymes and proteins to form covalent ROS-Hg-R
III. The activity is reversible by treatment with thiol-containing compounds such as cysteine and dimercaprol.

a. One of the statements is correct.
b. Two of the statements are correct.
c. Three of the statements are correct.
d. All of the statements are correct.

A

d. All of the statements are correct.

25
Q

Mercurial compound used for topical tx of localized infections and syphilis.

A

Elemental mercury

26
Q

Treatment for impetigo, psoriasis, and ringworm infections.

A

Ammoniated mercury

27
Q

Mercurial compound that is used as an antiseptic.

A

Mercuric/mercurous chloride

28
Q

Treatment of inflammation from eye infections.

A

Mercuric oxide

29
Q

A mercurial that is used to be a popular antiseptic to skin and ocular infections.

A

Nitromersol

30
Q

Which of the following is NOT true about Nitromersol?

I. Has brand name of Metaphen
II. Irritating to mucus membrane and staining.
III. Insoluble in water, sparing soluble in alcohol and organic solvents.
IV. White crystalline powder

a. I, II, IV
b. II, IV
c. III, II
d. I, IV

A

b. II, IV

Nitromersol is NONIRRITATING to mucus membrane and NONSTAINING.
Nitromersol is a yellow powder.

31
Q

Thimerosal is a cream-colored, water soluble powder, nonstaining and nonirritating to tissues.
Thimerosal is a weakly bacteriostatic antiseptic that is topically applied as ointments and aqueous solutions.

a. The first statement is correct.
b. The second statement is correct.
c. Both of the statements are correct.
d. Both of the statements are incorrect.

A

C. Both of the statements are correct.

32
Q

T or F

Thimerosal is a cream-colored, water soluble powder, nonstaining and nonirritating to tissues.
Thimerosal is a weakly bacteriostatic antiseptic that is topically applied as ointments and aqueous solutions.

a. The first statement is correct.
b. The second statement is correct.
c. Both of the statements are correct.
d. Both of the statements are incorrect.

A

C. Both of the statements are correct.

33
Q

Preservatives are used to prevent microbial contamination in various dosage forms and cosmetic preparation. (T or F)

34
Q

Characteristics of ideal preservative

A

Effective at low concentration against all microorganism.
Nontoxic
Compatible with other constituents of the preparation
Stable shelf-life

35
Q

p-hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives/parabens have low toxicity due to rapid hydrolysis in vivo because they’re quickly conjugated and excreted. (T or F)

36
Q

Preservative activity increases with molecular weight. (T or F)

37
Q

Methyl ester as preservative is most effective against molds.
Propyl ester is preferred for drugs in oil or lipophilic bases.

a. The first statement is correct.
b. The second statement is correct.
c. Both of the statements are correct.
d. Both of the statements are incorrect.

A

c. Both of the statements are correct.

38
Q

A preservative with camphor-like aroma and is used as a bacteriostatic agent in pharmaceuticals for injection, ophthalmic use, and intranasal administration.

A

Chlorobutanol

39
Q

Which of the following is TRUE about Chlorobutanol?

I. Chlorobutanol is unstable when heated in aq. solution at pH <7 because it undergoes elimination.
II. Unstable in pH 5 at 25C
III. Unstable in oils and organic solvents.
IV. NOTA

A

IV. NOTA

Correct answers:
I. Chlorobutanol is unstable when heated in aq. solution at pH >7 because it undergoes elimination.
II. Stable in pH 5 at 25C
III. Stable in oils and organic solvents.

40
Q

Also known as phenylcarbinol and phenylmethanol

A

Benzyl alcohol

41
Q

Benzyl alcohol is unsterified form in oil of Jasmin and in esters of acetic, ________, benzoic acid, _______ and peru or tolu _______

A

cinnamic, storax resin, peru/tolu balsam

42
Q

What is the required percentage of benzyl alcohol is needed in injectable to exert local anesthetic action.

43
Q

Synonyms of phenylethyl alcohol

A

2-phenyethanol
orange oil
rose oil

44
Q

It occurs naturally in rose oil and pineneedle oil and primarily used in perfumery.

A

Phenylethyl alcohol

45
Q

Effective antifungal, preservative, and most effective at low pH.

A

Sodium propionate

46
Q

Preservative in acidic liquid preparations in which benzoic acid is released.

A

Sodium benzoate

47
Q

A preservative that is soluble in alcohol but only slightly soluble in water.

A

Phenylmercuric acetate

48
Q

Used in same way as sorbic acid when greater water solubility is required.

A

Potassium sorbate

49
Q

The following is true about Benzoic acid, except:

I. This preservative naturally occur in gum benzoin, peru or tolu balsam.
II. A white crystalline solid that rapidly sublimes at cold temperature and steam distillable.
III. Slight water soluble, more soluble in alcohol and organic solvents.
IV. Used as an antiseptic in lotions, ointments, and mouthwash.
V. More effective in food, pharmaceutical products at high pH (due to pKa 2.4)

a. II, V
b. I, II, III
c. I, IV
d. III, IV, V

A

A. II, V

II. A white crystalline solid that SLOWLY sublimes at cold temperature and steam distillable.
V. More effective in food, pharmaceutical products at LOW pH (due to pKa 4.2)

50
Q

2,4-hexanedienoic acid that acts as an antifungal preservative and is used to preserve syrup, elixirs, ointment, lotions containing components like sugars that support mold growth.

A

Sorbic Acid

*Sorbic Acid is sparingly soluble in water and has a pKa of 4.8

51
Q

Mixture of phenylmercuric nitrate and phenylmercuric hydroxide.

A

Phenylmercuric nitrate

52
Q

Ratio of phenylmercuric nitrate to preserve injectable drugs against bacterial contamination.

A

1:10,000 to 1:50,000

53
Q

T or F

Bacteriostatic efficacy of Phenylmercuric nitrate is reduced by serum.

54
Q

Congrats for making it this far!! :>

A

Good luck <3333

org med (13 decks)

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