Syntax

Question 1

Grammar

Answer 1

represents a speakers linguistic knowledge of phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax and semantics

Question 1

knowing a language means…

Answer 1

putting together words to form phrases and sentences to express thoughts

Question 2

phrases and sentences

Answer 2

strings of morphemes arranged in a specific order to express meaning

Question 3

rules of grammar

Answer 3

tell what order of word combinations or strings can be arranged

Question 4

grammatical sentence/s

Answer 4

strings of morphemes conforming to the syntactic rules of a language

Question 5

ungrammatical

Answer 5

do not conform

Question 6

what do we use to make grammatical judgements

Answer 6

intuitive syntactic knowledge

Question 7

correct grammar does not

Answer 7

imply meaningfulness or truth
depend on discussion of “reality” or whether something is possible

Question 8

syntax

Answer 8

analysis of phrase and sentence structure

Question 9

definition of sytnax

Answer 9

study of system of rules and categories that underlies sentence formation

Question 10

lexical

Answer 10

words that have meaning and can be inflected
nouns verbs adjectives adverbs and prepositions

Question 11

non lexical

Answer 11

words that are harder to define
words with grammatical function
determiners, auxiliary verbs, degree words

Question 12

traditional methods of sentence analysis

Answer 12

subject, verb, object
subject, predicate

Question 13

logical subjects

Answer 13

doer of action

Question 14

structural subjects

Answer 14

first NP under S node

Question 15

logical objects

Answer 15

receiver of the action

Question 16

structural objects

Answer 16

direct object
first NP under the VP node

Question 17

diversity

Answer 17

order of SVO

Question 18

fundamental commonalities
all languages have:

Answer 18

Verbs
Noun phrases that function as subjects and objects
rules that linearize

Question 19

SVO

Answer 19

English and french

Question 20

VSO

Answer 20

hebrew
classical gaelic

Question 21

SOV

Answer 21

Japanese
eskimo

Question 22

OVS

Answer 22

Brazil
colombia
venezuela

Question 23

OSV

Answer 23

Guatemala
Mexico
Coeur d’ Alene in Idaho

Question 24

Phrases

Answer 24

unit of sentence structure between a word and sentence

Question 25

3 components of phrase

Answer 25

head specifiers complements

Question 26

head

Answer 26

core of phrase (lexical) n, adj, v, p

Question 27

specifiers

Answer 27

make meaning more precise (non lexical, adverbs) determiner adverbs degree

Question 28

determiners

Answer 28

specify a noun the a these that

Question 29

adverbs

Answer 29

specify a verb always often never

Question 30

degrees

Answer 30

specify adj or p very, quite, really

Question 31

complements

Answer 31

provide more information about items implied by head of phrase

Question 32

noun phrase

Answer 32

presidents

Question 33

adjective phrase

Answer 33

happy

Question 34

prepositional phrase

Answer 34

in the car

Question 35

substitution test

Answer 35

the phrase substituted with single expression pronoun, do so, there

Question 36

movement test

Answer 36

the phrase moved to another position in the sentence

Question 37

coordination test

Answer 37

the phrase joined to another phrase with "and"

Question 38

I +pst

Answer 38

past tense

Question 39

I-pst

Answer 39

future or present tense

Question 40

modal auxillary verbs

Answer 40

attached to inflection may might must can could shall should will would

Question 41

non modal auxillaries

Answer 41

labeled as verb with hanging inflection be am are is was were been do did does has have had

Question 42

complement cause

Answer 42

sentence contained within a phrase

Question 43

4 most common that indicate CP

Answer 43

that if whether because

Question 44

move

Answer 44

transform existing sentence into different type of structure

Question 45

3 consequences of Move

Answer 45

CP Trace levels of representation

Question 46

CP

Answer 46

every sentence resulting from move must contain a CP

Question 47

Trace

Answer 47

move leaves behind a trace which records that a move occurred and notes where the structure originated

Question 48

levels of representation

Answer 48

deep structure surface structure

Question 49

Yes-no inversion

Answer 49

move auxiliary verb Mary will leave - will Mary leave

Question 50

Wh questions

Answer 50

put in deep structure first then tree and move George should buy what - what should George buy

Question 51

Do insertion and move

Answer 51

formation of questions by inserting and moving do, did, does he wants to eat a hotdog - he does want to eat a hotdog - does he want to eat a hotdog

Question 52

coordination

Answer 52

combining structures of same type together with conjunctions such as and, but, or.

Question 53

relative clauses

Answer 53

modify preceding noun, begin with wh word and involve wh move the girl, who lives next door, is going to the mall

Question 54

passives/active

Answer 54

the chef prepared the meal the meal was prepared by the chef