phonetics Flashcards
experimental
study and experimentation of speech sounds
include development of synthesized speech
major branches
experimental
articulatory
acoustic perceptual
applied
articulatory
study of how sounds are produceda
acoustic
nature of speech sounds
perceptual
speech sound reception
applied
phonetics for purpose of solving problems
normative
clinical
linguistic
normative
study of normal speech
clinical
remediation of speech disorders
linguistic
historical
descriptive
comparative
dialectology
pragmatic
transcriptional
historical
development of sounds over time
descriptive
study of sounds at one point in time
comparative
differences and similarities of sounds of two languages
dialectology
impact of language on sound variations
pragmatics
purposeful changes in sound productions due to situations
why is it important to analyze speech sounds
improve artificial speech and voice recognition
improve ones ability to imitate sounds from other languages and master dialect variations
segments
phonemes
features
place
manner
voice
syllables
one or more segments combined
must include vowel
consonants
narrow or complete obstruction of vocal tract
voiced or voiceless
vowels
little obstruction of vocal tract
voice, sonorous, function as nucleus of syllable
glides
characteristics of both c and v
like v in production but can’t function as nucleus
glottal state
voiced
voiceless
place of articulation
labial
dental
alveolar
palatal
velar
uvular
pharyngeal
glottal
manner of articulation
plosives
fricatives
affricates
liquids
plosives
stops
fricatives
stridents
“s” “z” “zh”
affricates
stop + fricative
stridents “j” and “ch”
liquids
/l/ /r/
lateral /l/
retroflexed - tongue bunched /r/
basic parameters: vowels and dipthongs
tongue height, position
tenseness
lip position
suprasegmentals
pitch
length
stress
pitch
tone and intonation
tone
change in meaning based on pitch
intonation
pitch change not related to meaning
stress
combined effect of pitch, loudness and length
auditory processes
assimilation
nasalization
voicing assimilation
flapping
dissimilation
assimilation
sound becoming more like another nearby sound
nasalization
regressive: preceding sound nasalized
progressive: following sound nasalized
voicing assimilation
devoicing/voicing
flapping
t or d between vowels
stop to continuant
dissimilation
two sounds become less alike
epenthesis
adding syllable on monosyllable segment
metathesis
reorganization of segment
wernickes
select words and associated phonetic information
assigns meaning to lexicon
arcuate fasciculus
sends phonetic information to brocas area
brocas area
develops motor plan
motor cortex (pre central gyrus)
send signals through the cerebellum to peripheral nervous system to activate movements of articulations
sensory cortex (postcentral gyrus)
receives feedback regarding movements and makes adjustments
auditory cortex
process information from ears
