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Psycholinguistics > Language > Flashcards

Language Flashcards

1
Q

language

A

arbitrary symbol system that is socially agreed upon and is rule governed
can be spoken, written or manual symbol system

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2
Q

human capacity for language

A

intrinsic

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3
Q

intrinsic language

A

acquired with universal regularity
occurs very early developmentally
despite most environments

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4
Q

specialization for language

A

speech organs
speech breathing
specialized brain areas

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5
Q

speech organs

A

dual purpose of organs for survival and for producing sound of our language
tongue teeth lips soft palate nasal passages larynx

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6
Q

speech breathing

A

different set of muscles, lung pressure, changes in exhalation timing
inhalation/exhalation same amount of time

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7
Q

specialized brain areas

A

areas dedicated to language not seen in other species

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8
Q

iconic symbol

A

look or sound like what they represent; transparent; crunch, sizzle, buzz or manual signs of drink, fish etc.

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9
Q

arbitrary symbols

A

most words

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10
Q

communication

A

attempts expression and comprehension of some content using conventional means appropriately
shared activity
has goals and functions

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11
Q

goals and functions of communication

A

instrumental
gain information
give information
regulatory
social-interpersonal
hypothesize/imagine/speculate
persuasion

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12
Q

linguistics

A

study of nature and use of language
descriptive

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13
Q

psycholinguistics

A

study of mental processes and representations involved in language comprehension and production
prescriptive

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14
Q

grammar

A

mental system that allows humans to form and interpret sounds, words and sentences of their language

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15
Q

grammar components

A

phonetics
phonology
morphology
syntax
semantics

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16
Q

phonetics

A

articulation and perception of phonemes

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17
Q

phonology

A

patterning and organization of phonemes

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18
Q

morphology

A

word formation

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19
Q

syntax

A

sentence formation

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20
Q

semantics

A

meaning of words and sentences

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21
Q

linguistic competence

A

knowledge of our language system
universality

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22
Q

linguistic performance

A

how we use this (particulars) knowledge in actual (observed behavior) speech/language production and comprehension

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23
Q

universality

A

shared by all languages

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24
Q

particulars

A

specific to given languages

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25
fundamental claims of linguistics
generality parity mutability inaccessibility universality
26
generality
all language have grammar
27
parity
all grammars are equal
28
mutability
all grammars change over time
29
inaccessibility
grammar knowledge is subconscious
30
universality (grammar)
all grammars have similarities
31
dialect
language rule system of a group that varies from the rule system of an ideal standard speech differences language differences
32
accent
characteristics of speech or variations in pronunciation speech differences only
33
register
situationally influenced language variation
34
vernacular
informal intimate register
35
regional dialect
based on geographic area southern new england mid western
36
social dialects
based on class, ethnicity. educational level, occupation, religion African american English Chinese American English
37
combination of regional and social dialects
account for variations in language
38
idiolect
individual dialect perceived view of how we sound
39
what alters idiolect
speech history degree of speech control
40
style switching
formal to informal understanding of register
41
code switching
from one language to another
42
Incorrect: presence of dialect differences will result in
lack of verbal capacity poor school performance reflect decrease in ability to reason and logically
43
theoretical approaches to dialects
deficit approach socio-linguistic approach
44
deficit approach
single ideal other dialects inferior simplistic, less developed
45
socio-linguistic approach
all dialects are equal have complex developed language rules
46
bilingualism-bidialectism
fluent in 2 languages uses 2 languages on daily basis 17% pop is bilingual
47
2 strong bilingual areas
southern Florida (spanish/English) quebec province (French/English)
48
language socialization
process of integrating more than one language and culture
49
pidgin
simplified language created when two groups do not share a language
50
creole language
pidgin language becomes language of community monosyntactic reduction
51
creole vernacular language
developed because of contact between two groups with unintelligible language
52
mixed languages
clearly identifiable source languages etymological split
53
michif
500-700 native speakers indigenous language of Metis in Canada, North Dakota cree verbs, French nouns. cree verb forms, no reduction in morphosyntax
54
simultaneous acquistion
2 languages prior to the age of 3 acquired at rate comparable to mono-lingual child discrimination of 2 languages at 8 months instead of 1 like monolingual child
55
language mixing
slow separation and increased awareness
56
stages of simultaneous acquisition
2 separate lexical systems 2 lexical systems with same syntactic rules lexical system and syntactic rules from each
57
successive acquisition
1 language at home and 1 with peers usually in school begin to learn English around 5, 3 if attend preschool master comprehension before expression
58
stages of successive acquisition
child uses L1 in L2 environment non verbal stage- says little; working to comprehend speaking - single words, short phrases, high frequency statements English used creatively in conversation and in academics 3-5 yrs
59
cross adoption
attrition L1 while learning L2 first language lost in 3-6 months after 8-10 most must learn new sound system lag behind in development of second language after 2 yrs if adopted prior to 2 yo will have skills of monolingual children
60
impact of bilingualism on cognition superior ability
classification of objects concept formation creativity memory metalinguistic awareness problem solving role playing science concepts social sensitivity comprehension of complex instructions

Psycholinguistics (13 decks)

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