Exam 3: syntax

Question 1

Define syntax

Answer 1

analysis of phrase and sentence structure
study of the system of rules and categories that underlies sentence structure

Question 2

define grammar

Answer 2

represents a speakers linguistic knowledge of phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax and semantics

Question 3

the action of combining words togethers to form phrases or sentences

Answer 3

merge

Question 4

words that provide a grammatical function or grammatical information

Answer 4

non lexical

Question 5

replacing a group of words with a single word or phrase to determine if that group of words is a phrase

Answer 5

substitution test

Question 6

inclusion of do/did/does to create a deep structure that can be made into a yes/no question

Answer 6

do insertion

Question 7

placing a group of words in a different location within the same sentence to determine if the group of words constitutes a phrase

Answer 7

movement test

Question 8

the action of changing the location of words in a deep structure to form a different type of structure

Answer 8

move

Question 9

words that provide semantic content, words that can be inflected

Answer 9

lexical

Question 10

combining similar lexical phrase together to determine if they constitute a complete phrase

Answer 10

coordination test

Question 11

change in location of modal auxiliary or non model auxiliary to create a question

Answer 11

yes/no insertion

Question 12

example of adjective phrase

Answer 12

happy

Question 13

example of noun phrase

Answer 13

doctor

Question 14

example of simple sentence

Answer 14

he goes to the gym

Question 15

example of prepositional phrase

Answer 15

in the car

Question 16

example of verb phrase

Answer 16

run

Question 17

example of sentence with complementary phrase

Answer 17

she thinks that he should go to the store

Question 18

example of sentence with relative clause

Answer 18

my friend, who is in my class, asked me to study

Question 19

example of modal auxiliary verb

Answer 19

will

Question 20

example of non modal auxiliary verb

Answer 20

do

Question 21

example of phrase with coordination

Answer 21

I like reading and writing

Question 22

example of verb phrase with adverb

Answer 22

always running

Question 23

example of sentence using present progressive tense

Answer 23

I am walking with my dog

Question 24

example of sentence using “are” as a copula

Answer 24

the cars are loud

Question 25

example of subjective pronoun

Answer 25

she

Question 26

example of objective pronoun

Answer 26

him

Question 27

example of possessive pronoun

Answer 27

mine

Question 28

example of sentence using past progressive tense

Answer 28

my dog was barking while I was sleeping

Question 29

provide example of gerund

Answer 29

Walking (gerund) is my favorite activity

Question 30

example of sentence in first person

Answer 30

I am going to the store

Question 31

example of sentence in third person

Answer 31

they ate at the restaurant

Question 32

Identify the structural subject and object and the logical subjects and objects in the following sentence. Note if it is a passive or active sentence.

The cake was baked by the professional baker.

Answer 32

Logical subject: the professional baker
logical object: the cake
structural subject: the cake
structural object: the professional baker
Passive sentence