Exam 3: syntax Flashcards
Define syntax
analysis of phrase and sentence structure
study of the system of rules and categories that underlies sentence structure
define grammar
represents a speakers linguistic knowledge of phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax and semantics
the action of combining words togethers to form phrases or sentences
merge
words that provide a grammatical function or grammatical information
non lexical
replacing a group of words with a single word or phrase to determine if that group of words is a phrase
substitution test
inclusion of do/did/does to create a deep structure that can be made into a yes/no question
do insertion
placing a group of words in a different location within the same sentence to determine if the group of words constitutes a phrase
movement test
the action of changing the location of words in a deep structure to form a different type of structure
move
words that provide semantic content, words that can be inflected
lexical
combining similar lexical phrase together to determine if they constitute a complete phrase
coordination test
change in location of modal auxiliary or non model auxiliary to create a question
yes/no insertion
example of adjective phrase
happy
example of noun phrase
doctor
example of simple sentence
he goes to the gym
example of prepositional phrase
in the car
example of verb phrase
run
example of sentence with complementary phrase
she thinks that he should go to the store
example of sentence with relative clause
my friend, who is in my class, asked me to study
example of modal auxiliary verb
will
example of non modal auxiliary verb
do
example of phrase with coordination
I like reading and writing
example of verb phrase with adverb
always running
example of sentence using present progressive tense
I am walking with my dog
example of sentence using “are” as a copula
the cars are loud
example of subjective pronoun
she
example of objective pronoun
him
example of possessive pronoun
mine
example of sentence using past progressive tense
my dog was barking while I was sleeping
provide example of gerund
Walking (gerund) is my favorite activity
example of sentence in first person
I am going to the store
example of sentence in third person
they ate at the restaurant
Identify the structural subject and object and the logical subjects and objects in the following sentence. Note if it is a passive or active sentence.
The cake was baked by the professional baker.
Logical subject: the professional baker
logical object: the cake
structural subject: the cake
structural object: the professional baker
Passive sentence
