Semantics Flashcards
semantics
study of meaning in human language
refers to concept of utterance
key concepts
semantic relations
meaning
concepts
ambiguity
thematic roles
conversation
semantic relations
tool for analyzing and evaluating meaning
relations between words
synonyms
antonyms
homonyms (polysems)
homophones
homonyms (polysems)
same spelling
multiple meanings
homophones
same pronunciation
different meaning
relations between sentences
paraphrase
entailment
contradiction
entailment
truth of one implies truth of other
contradiction
truth of one makes second false
identify semantic relation
test: exam
synonym
identify semantic relation
Mary sang a solo : the solo was sung by mary
paraphrase
identify semantic relation
bug (insect) : bug (microphone)
homophone
identify semantic relation
sam is a widower ; sam’s wife is alive
contradiction
identify semantic relation
the shark bit a swimmer ; the swimmer is injured
entailment
identify semantic relation
parent ; offspring
antonym
connotation (intention)
set of associations a word evokes
cancer = chemo = tumor
denotation (extension)
description of word
identify connotations and denotations
DESERT
c: heat, dry, sand
d: barreness and lack of rain
componential analysis
breakdown word into smaller semantic units
child = human = young
conceptual system
how meaning is expressed through language
types of concepts
fuzzy
graded
metaphor
lexicalization
grammaticization
fuzzy
differ from person to person
no clear boundaries
graded
internal structure, graded according to how typical they are within concept.
metaphor
understanding one concept in terms of another
use like/as
lexicalization
concepts are encoded into words
grammaticization
expressed as affixes or non lexical categories
ambiguity
sentence has more than one meaning
lexical ambiguity
words w/ multiple meanigns
structural ambiguity
phrase in sentence with > 1 structure
agent/actor
who is doing the action
theme
what is undergoing the action
source
starting point of action
goal
ending point of action
where
location of action
thematic assignment
noun phrases
determined by verbs and preposition
verbs
agent role to its subject NP
theme role to complement NP
prepositions
theme role to complement phrase
