Semantics Flashcards

1
Q

semantics

A

study of meaning in human language
refers to concept of utterance

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2
Q

key concepts

A

semantic relations
meaning
concepts
ambiguity
thematic roles
conversation

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3
Q

semantic relations

A

tool for analyzing and evaluating meaning

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4
Q

relations between words

A

synonyms
antonyms
homonyms (polysems)
homophones

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5
Q

homonyms (polysems)

A

same spelling
multiple meanings

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6
Q

homophones

A

same pronunciation
different meaning

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7
Q

relations between sentences

A

paraphrase
entailment
contradiction

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8
Q

entailment

A

truth of one implies truth of other

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9
Q

contradiction

A

truth of one makes second false

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10
Q

identify semantic relation
test: exam

A

synonym

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11
Q

identify semantic relation
Mary sang a solo : the solo was sung by mary

A

paraphrase

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12
Q

identify semantic relation
bug (insect) : bug (microphone)

A

homophone

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13
Q

identify semantic relation
sam is a widower ; sam’s wife is alive

A

contradiction

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14
Q

identify semantic relation
the shark bit a swimmer ; the swimmer is injured

A

entailment

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15
Q

identify semantic relation
parent ; offspring

A

antonym

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16
Q

connotation (intention)

A

set of associations a word evokes
cancer = chemo = tumor

17
Q

denotation (extension)

A

description of word

18
Q

identify connotations and denotations
DESERT

A

c: heat, dry, sand
d: barreness and lack of rain

19
Q

componential analysis

A

breakdown word into smaller semantic units
child = human = young

20
Q

conceptual system

A

how meaning is expressed through language

21
Q

types of concepts

A

fuzzy
graded
metaphor
lexicalization
grammaticization

22
Q

fuzzy

A

differ from person to person
no clear boundaries

23
Q

graded

A

internal structure, graded according to how typical they are within concept.

24
Q

metaphor

A

understanding one concept in terms of another
use like/as

25
lexicalization
concepts are encoded into words
26
grammaticization
expressed as affixes or non lexical categories
27
ambiguity
sentence has more than one meaning
28
lexical ambiguity
words w/ multiple meanigns
29
structural ambiguity
phrase in sentence with > 1 structure
30
agent/actor
who is doing the action
31
theme
what is undergoing the action
32
source
starting point of action
33
goal
ending point of action
34
where
location of action
35
thematic assignment
noun phrases determined by verbs and preposition
36
verbs
agent role to its subject NP theme role to complement NP
37
prepositions
theme role to complement phrase