Synovial Joints Flashcards
In synovial joints, what is in the middle of 2 bones? What type is present? What does it do?
Articulating Cartilage
- the type is hyaline cartilage
- reduce friction
In synovial joint, what is the articular capsule? What does it contain? What do they do
- Fibrous layer (dense connective tissue) and holds the joint tight
Synovial membrane (joint cavity) (simple squamous) (produces synovial fluid)
In a synovial joint, what type of articular carilage is present. What does it do!?
Hyaline cartilage
reduce friction and absorb shock
In a synovial joint, what is the e joint cavity? What does the fluid do?
The joint cavity is space between the bones. It contains the synovial fluid (the synovial fluid is produced by the synovial membrane in the capsule)
- the fluid lubricates and nourishes cartilage
Nourishes chondrocytes
Absorbs shock
In a synovial joiint what does ligaments do? What do they have
Connects bone to bone
Has sensory nerves to detect pain
Has blood vessels to nourish tissue in joints
What are the extra structures surrounding this joint?
Bursae: sac ouside joint where ligament (bone to bone), muscles, tendons and bones rub (contain fluid)
Tendon sheath; elongated bursae around tendons (muscle to bone) that rub each other (wrist+ ankle)
Fat pads; cushion
What are the 6 planes of synovial joints? What is your noumonic. Give examples of each
Uniaxial
Plath- plane joint (just glides) (carpals tarsals)
Has - hinge (elbow) (like door)
Pink - pívot (neck) (vertebrae) (spins)
Biaxial
Colors- condylar (metacarpals) (
She - saddle (
Multi axial
Bought - ball n socket (shoulder)
What are the moments in synovial joint? (4) (motions)
Gliding motion
Angular motion
Rotational motion
Special movements
What happens in the gliding motion? What’s an example?
Just goes back and forth or side to side
Angle does not change
Plane joints
Example; carpals and tarsals
What is tre angular motion?
Moving in an angle
- Flexión (in)
- extension (out)
- hyperextension (too out)
- lateral flexión (bend at waist)
- abduction (away from midpoint)
- adduction (to midpoint
- circumduction (around)
What is the rotational motion?
- atlantoaxial joint “no gesture”
- lateral rotation (rotating away)
- medial rotation (rotating in)
- pronation (thumb and pinky)
What are special movements?
Occurring only at specific joints
- depressions and elevation
- Dorsiflexion (toes up) and plantar flexión
- inversion vs eversión
Protraction vs retraction
Opposition
What are the diseases that can happen with synovial joints?
Arthritis: 2 types
- rheumatoid arthritis: when synovial fluid starts to crystallize
- osteoarthritis: when articular cartilage begins to decompose
What type of mobility is synovial joint?
Freely moveable which is diarthrosis
