Bones And Classifications Flashcards
What are the functions of bones?
Support and protection
Movement
Hematopoesis; making of blood
Storage of minerals and energy reserves
Calcium (make bone hard)
Hematopoesis is a function of the bone. There are two types
- arethropoesis; makin of red blood cells
- lucopoesis: making white blood cells
What are the classifications of bones and definitions
Long bones; greater length than wide
Short bones; equal in length and wide
Flat bones; thin surface
Irregular bones; complex shapes
What is the anatomy of a long bone? How to remember?
DEMAMEP
Diaphysis, epiphysis, metphysis, articular cartilage, medullary cavity, endosteum, periosteum
What is the diaphysis?
The shaft
Elongated cylindrical shaft
Epiphysis
What does it do ?
Head
It’s the ends
Strengthens joints and helps attach tendons and ligaments
Metphysis
What does it contain?
Between diaphysis and epiphysis
Contains epiphyseal plate (growth plate)
Articular carilage
What does it do?
Thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering epiphysis
Reduce friction and absorbs shock
Medullary cavity. What does it look contain in adults?
Hollow, cylindrical space in diaphysis
It contains yellow bone marrow
Endosteum lining. What cells does it contain?
Covers internal surface of bones
Contains osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts and osteoclasts
Periosteum
What tissue is it?
What cells does it contain?
Dense irregular connective tissue
Covers external surface of bones
Connected to perforating fibers in matrix
Osteoproginator cells and osteoblasts
What are the four cells in the bone?
Osteoprogenitor cells
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts
What are osteoprogenitor cels?
They are messenchynal stem cells found in endosteum and periosteum
They can produce more osteoblasts
What are osteoblasts?
Cells that form bone matrix
Osteocytes
Maintain matrix and detect mechanical stress
Osteoclasts
Break down old bone or damaged bone cells to allow space for osteoblasts to create new bone tissue
How is bone matrix composed? What are the two compounds
Organic compounds:
Cells
Collagen
Ground substance
Inorganic compounds:
Hydroxyapatite : calcium phosphate and calcium hydroxide
What is Compact bone. Where are they?
Compact bone is solid and dense. They’re in External surfaces of long and flat bone
What is spongy bone? What tissue do they contain?
They are the Internal surface of bone (interior)
- have trabeculae; open lattice of narrow plates (the sponge lookin)
Contain myeloid tissue
