Synovial Joints

Question 1

synovial joints

Answer 1

most joints in the body

Question 2

articular capsule

Answer 2

outer fibrous layer: regular CT, tough, durable
inner synovial membrane: secretes synovial fluid, reduces friction

Question 3

articular cartilage

Answer 3

articular surfaces covered by hyaline cartilage
protects ends of bones

Question 4

ligaments

Answer 4

dense regular CT
extrinsic ligaments: separate form articular capsule
intrinsic ligaments: thickening of articular capsule

Question 5

bursae

Answer 5

contain synovial fluid, fluid filled sacs, reduce friction

Question 6

tendon sheaths

Answer 6

elongated bursae around tendons, particularly in confined areas where tendons rub each other

Question 7

fat pads

Answer 7

packing material, provide protection

Question 8

hinge joints

Answer 8

uniaxial; like hinge of a door

Question 9

ball-and-socket joints

Answer 9

multiaxial; spherical head into cuplike socket (greatest ROM, low stability)

Question 10

gliding motion

Answer 10

primarily in plane joints, bones slide slightly back-and-forth or side-to-side

Question 11

flexion

Answer 11

decreasing angle between bones

Question 12

extension

Answer 12

increasing angle between bones

Question 13

hyperextension

Answer 13

angle between bones is increased greater than 180 degrees

Question 14

lateral flexion

Answer 14

trunk of body moves in coronal plane laterally away from midline of body

Question 15

abduction

Answer 15

taken away, movement away from midline

Question 16

adduction

Answer 16

movement toward midline

Question 17

radial deviation

Answer 17

abduction, hand towards radius

Question 18

ulnar deviation

Answer 18

adduction, hand towards ulna

Question 19

abduction in the hand

Answer 19

spreading out fingers or moving away from middle finger

Question 20

adduction in the hand

Answer 20

bringing fingers toward middle finger

Question 21

circumduction

Answer 21

proximal end of appendage remains stationary, distal end moves in a circle

Question 22

pronation

Answer 22

palm posteriorly

Question 23

supination

Answer 23

palm anteriorly

Question 24

elevation

Answer 24

raising up of a body part

Question 25

depression

Answer 25

movement downward

Question 26

protraction

Answer 26

movement of a body part anteriorly

Question 27

retraction

Answer 27

movement of a body part posteriorly

Question 28

inversion

Answer 28

foot faces toward midline

Question 29

eversion

Answer 29

sole of foot faces laterally

Question 30

dorsiflexion

Answer 30

on the heels and raise the toe

Question 31

plantar flexion

Answer 31

up on tip toes, pointing toes raising heels