Specific Organelles Flashcards
Endoplasmic reticulum
Close to nucleus, network of intracellular membrane-bound tunnels
2 types, smooth ER and rough ER
Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
No ribosomes, continuous w RER
Function - synthesis, metabolism of carbohydrates, detox of drugs, alcohol and poisons
Rough Endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
Rough bc of ribosomes, receives newly synthesized proteins from ribosomes (ribosomes make proteins), distributes proteins
Proteins will be secreted, inserted into plasma membrane, or included in a lysosome
RER modifies proteins and package into transport vesicles
Golgi apparatus
Receive material from ER for modification, sorting, and packaging
Look like pancakes, pairing and packaging (UPS)
Lysosomes
Vesicles generated by Golgi apparatus
Contain enzymes used to digest and remove waste products and damaged organelles in a cell
When a cell is dying, lysosomal enzymes are released that digest cell, rid of waste
Peroxisomes
Sacs formed by pinching off from RER
Smaller than lysosomes
Detoxifies harmful substances
Mitochondria
Organelles with double membranes (inner and outer)
Cristae - folded inner membrane
Energy = ATP
Ribosomes
Responsible for protein synthesis
Free ribosomes float in the cytosol
Fixed ribosomes are attached to the RER
Cytoskeleton
Proteins organized in the cytosol as solid filaments or hollow tubes
3 components form framework - micro filaments, intermediate filaments, micro tubules
Centrosome
2 bundles of centrioles
Non membranous spherical structure adjacent to the nucleus
Contains pair of centrioles at right angles to each other
Centriole
Near nucleus, bundle of tubes
Attached to chromosomes during cell division causing chromosomal migration
Cilia
Hairlike, beat together to move substances past surface of cell
Flagella
Sperm, whiplike tail, movement/locomotion
Microvilli
Finger like extensions of cell membrane
Increase surface area
Mostly for absorption
Small intenstine
