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Cytodiagnostics > Synovial fluid analysis > Flashcards

Synovial fluid analysis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the normal amount of fluid in a small vs. large joint?

A

small <0.5 mL

Large <1 mL

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2
Q

Pale yellow joint fluid in a horse is abnormal. T/F?

A

FALSE (normal)

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3
Q

What does yellow, yellow/orange, and red jt fluid indicate?

A

yellow= cells, crystals

yellow-orange= RBC breakdown

red= hemorrhage

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4
Q

What could make cloudy joint fluid?

A

cells

fibrin

crystals

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5
Q

Why would the viscosity be decreased in joint fluid?

A

WBC/bacteria breakdown mucin d/t proteases

Dilution

decrease production from synovium damage

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6
Q

Would you expect this joint to have normal jt fluid viscosity?

A

No, decrease eosinophilic background (= less mucin)

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7
Q

What is the normal protein concentration in joint fluid?

A

< 2.5 g/dL

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8
Q

What is the normal nucleated cell counts in jt fluid?

A

<3,000 (dogs, but rest of species lower)

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9
Q

What cell type should dominate in jt fluid?

A

mononuclear cells (>90%) (phagocytes, lymphs)

NT (<10)

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10
Q

Normal or abnormal cell in joint fluid?

A

synovial lining cells (clasmatocyte)

normal in joint fluid

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11
Q

What is the predominant cell type in inflammatory vs. non-inflammatory abnormal joint fluid?

A

inflammatory: NT

non-inflammatory: mononuclear cells (but too many or extremely reactive)

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12
Q

Differentials for non-inflammatory abnormal jt fluid?

A

DJD

trauma

hemoarthrosis

neoplasia

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13
Q

Differentials for an Inflammatory neutrophilic joint fluid?

A

infectious

immunologic

nonimmunologic

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14
Q

What is the most common cause of a non-inflammatory joint fluid? What diagnostic would likely be performed after the joint tap?

A

DJD

radiographs

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15
Q

With hemarthrosis, NT can be common but not greater than 50%. T/F?

A

TRUE

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16
Q

Inflammatory or not?

Type?

What do the vacuoles in the macrophages indicate?

A

Non-inflammatory (mononuclear dominant)

hemoarthrosis

inflammation

17
Q

Which type of dogs will get neoplasia in the joints?

A

middle age, large breed, large joint

18
Q

Top three neoplasia primary in joint?

A

histiocytic sarcoma

synovial cell sarcoma

synovial myxoma

19
Q

Inflammatory or not?

Type?

What is the pink material?

A

Non-inflammatory

neoplastic

osteoid

20
Q

What unique characteristic is seen with inflammatory joint fluid?

A

windrowing of NT

21
Q

Inflammatory or not?

septic or not?

A

Inflammatory

septic (intracellular bacteria)

22
Q

Why is it difficult to diagnose septic joint on cytology?

A

NT can have significant karyolysis making it look like a macrophage

bacteria predominately marginated on synovium and not in fluid***

23
Q

Differentials for infectious inflammatory jt fluid?

Of which of the ddx could also be associated with immunologic inflammatory jt fluid?

A

bacterial (sepsis)

viral, fungal, protozoal, tick-borne, mycoplasma (L form)

BOLD= immunologic also

24
Q

If you do not see bacteria in joint fluid, it is not septic. T/F?

A

FALSE

25
Q

Likely dx?

A

morula inside NT= anaplasma phagositophilum & erlichia eungii

26
Q

This kitten presents after a recent vaccination with calicivirus (MLV). He has a fever and joint stiffness + pain. What is your recommendation?

A

Pain medications & will resolve on own

aka transient arthropathy

27
Q

What are the most common causes of reactive non-erosive immunologic, inflammatory jt dz?

A

chronic infection

drug/vax

enteropathy

neoplasia

28
Q

What is the most common cause of non-erosive polyarthropathy in the canine?

A

Idiopathic

29
Q

What immunologic inflammatory condition is associated with CCL rupture?

A

lymphoplasmacytic

30
Q

What are the differentials for erosive immunologic, inflammatory joint disease?

A

Idiopathic (rheumatoid)

Erosive polyarthritis of greyhounds (EPG)
Feline chronic progressive polyarthritis (FCPP)

31
Q

In what canine breeds is idiopathic erosive inflammatory disease most common aka rheumatoid arthritis?

A

toy & small breeds

32
Q

A greyhound presents with joint pain and stiffness in multiple joints and also has a cough. Likely DDX?

A

Erosive polyarthritis of greyhounds (EPG)
also associated with pneumonia

33
Q

What gender of felines is more commonly associated with Feline chronic progressive polyarthritis?

A

males

34
Q

What viruses are commonly associated with Feline chronic progressive polyarthritis?

A

FeSFV & ?FeLV

35
Q

What DDX for non-immunologic inflammatory jt disease?

A

necrotic neoplasia

Pseudogout (very rare)

36
Q
A

Cytodiagnostics (9 decks)

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