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Cytodiagnostics > Round Cell Neoplasms > Flashcards

Round Cell Neoplasms Flashcards

1
Q

What are the characteristics of round cells?

A

Readily exfoliate

monolayers, individual cells

round or oval cells

distinct cytoplasmic borders

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2
Q

What are the 6 round cell tumors?

A

Lymphoma

plasma cell

Histiocytoma

TVT

mast cell

Melanocytic neoplasms*

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3
Q

With which round cell types is histopathology recommended?

A

mast cell tumor

lymphoma

melanoma

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4
Q

With what round cell neoplasm can hypercalcemia of malignancy be seen?

A

T-cell lymphoma

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5
Q

What is the relationship to size of a lymphoblastic cell compared to a RBC?

A

2x the size of a RBC

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6
Q

Tumor type?

Benign or malignant?

A

Round cell, lymphoma

malignant

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7
Q

What type of lymphoma do felines typically get?

A

small cell GI lymphoma

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8
Q

A patient with B cell lymphoma typically has a better prognosis than T-cell lymphoma. T/F

Substage a animals do better than b. T/F

A

Both True

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9
Q

Where does leukemia originate vs. lymphoma?

A

leukemia= starts in BM, centrifugal spread

Lymphoma= starts in L.N., centripetal spread

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10
Q

What are the characteristics of a plasma cell tumor?

A

Dark blue cytoplasm***

perinuclear area of clearing***

Round, eccentric nucleus ***

May see binucleation/multi

marked anisokaryosis

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11
Q

Plasma cell neoplasm of bone marrow

A

multiple myeloma

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12
Q

Plasma cell tumors are more common in cats than dogs. T/F

A

FALSE***

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13
Q

What are the common extramedullary sites for plasma cell tumors?

A

digits, GI, ears, oral

liver, spleen

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14
Q

What are the criteria needed to dx multiple myeloma?

A

light chains Ig in urine

osteolysis

monoclonal gammopathy (heavy chains Ig)

> 20% plasma cells in BM

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15
Q

Tumor type?

A

Plasma cell tumor

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16
Q

Tumor type?

Benign or malignant?

A

Plasma cell tumor

malignant

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17
Q

A 1 year old canine presented with an alopecic mass on the base of its neck. Has an ulcerated, umbilicated center. What is the likely tumor?

A

histiocytoma

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18
Q

Tumor type?

Like DDX?

A

Round cell tumor

Histiocytoma (based on picture)

could also be plasma cell tumor, mast cell

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19
Q

What are the two types of histiocytosis in dogs?

A

cutaneous

systemic

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20
Q

Do felines get histiocytomas?

What are the two possible related conditions that can appear similar?

A

NO

Feline progressive dendritic cell histiocytosis

Pulmonary langerhans cell histiocytosis

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21
Q

What are the predisposed breeds to histiocytic sarcoma?

A

Bernese Mountain Dogs, Rottweilers, Flat Coated
Retrievers, Golden Retrievers and sporadically in many other breeds

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22
Q

An aggressive histiocytic neoplasm that arises at
multiple sites simultaneously

A

Malignant histiocytosis

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23
Q

In what breed is malignant histiocytosis common?

A

Bernese mountain dogs

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24
Q

Tumor type?

A

Round cell

histiocytosis, malignant

like disseminated histiocytic sarcoma

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25
Q

On collecton of a MDB, a dog has concurrent anemia, thrombocytopenia, hypoalbuminemia, hypocholesterolemia with generalized splenomegally & mottling on U/S. A round cell neoplasm is identified. What type likely? What’s the prognosis?

A

Histiocytic sarcoma - hemophagocytic form

Very poor prognosis

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26
Q

What are the characteristics of TVT?

A

pale basophilic cytoplasm

Clear vacoules****

central to eccentric nculeus

coarse chromatin

one or more prominant nucleoli****

mod/high N:C

mature tumors may contain mature lymphocytes present

High mitotic rate***

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27
Q

Tumor type?

A

Round cell, TVT (vacuoles, mitotic figures)

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28
Q

From what cells are TVT derived from?

A

histiocytic (dendritic/macrophages)

29
Q

What is the treatment of choice for TVT?

A

vincristine

30
Q

Is metastasis to regional L.N. common for TVT?

A

No, 5-17%

31
Q

what do the granules of mast cells contain?

A

Histamine, heparin, TNF, proteases, lipid mediators, proteases, and other cytokines

32
Q

Tumor type?

What is the difference in staining shown?

A

Mast cell tumor

L- WG, R-Diff quick

33
Q

What common concurrent findings do we see with mast cell tumors on cytology?

A

eosinophils

reactive fibroblasts

collagen lysis

34
Q

What is the paraneoplastic syndrome associated with mast cell tumors?

A

GI ulceration

35
Q

Tumor type?

Describe the common findings seen with these tumors on cytology?

A

Mast cell tumor

reactive fibroblast (upper right)

collagen lysis (lower left)

36
Q

In which list of breeds below are mast cell tumors typically more aggressive?

Boxers, Boston terriers, Bulldogs, Pugs
Labs, Goldens, Shar Peis, Terriers, Weimers, RR

A

Labs, Goldens, Shar Peis , Terriers, Weimers , RR

37
Q

Are mast cells typically more aggressive in dogs or cats or horses?

A

DOGS

38
Q

what locations for mast cell tumors have a poorer prognosis?

A

nailbed, mucocutaneous jxn, scrotal

39
Q

Is the visceral form of mast cell tumors found in the GI, spleen, liver more common in dogs or cats?

A

cats

40
Q

A dog with a mast cell tumor has a normal sized draining LN. Does this exclude the possibility of metastasis?

A

NO

41
Q

A dog that is diagnosed with melanoma of the digit or in the mouth is more/less aggressive than the trunk?

A

more

42
Q

Tumor type?

A

melanoma

43
Q

Tumor type?

A

melanoma

44
Q

List the 5 categories of tissue lesions?

A

hemorrhagic

cystic

inflammatory

neoplastic

mixed cell population

45
Q

A small soft mass was palpated on a canines shoulder. What is the likely diagnosis?

A

Keratin-filled cyst

(epidermal inclusion cyst or follicular cyst)

46
Q

What do keratin cyst typically contain?

A

keratinized cells

amorphous material

cholesterol crystals (picture)

47
Q

A mass on the neck of a dog that produces a brown fluid upon aspiration that is acellular and proteinaceous background. Likely dx?

A

apocrine cyst

48
Q

A small mass on the head of a dog that deflates and produces an oily brown tinged fluid when aspirated. What is the likely dx?

A

sebaceous cyst

49
Q

How do you determine that a sample is hemorrhagic on not just blood contamination?

A

Macrophages containing RBC or RBC breakdown products (hemosiderin, hematoidin)

If iatrogenic hemorrhage= PLT will be present

50
Q

What are the two RBC breakdown products shown?

A

Hemosiderin- black pigment
Hematoidin- orange crystal

51
Q

What percentage of cells should be neutrophils for a lesion to be considered neutrophilic inflammation?

A

>85%

52
Q

What are the nuclear changes in NT that indicated degenerative changes?

A
53
Q

How do you differentiate from degenerative changes and toxic changes?

A
54
Q

What nuclear change can be seen in these degenerative neutrophils?

A

Karyolysis

55
Q

what characterizes pyogranulomatous inflammation?

A

neutrophils & >15% macrophages

56
Q

Type of lesion?

A

Inflammatory

Panniculus

57
Q

What characterizes eosinophilic inflammation?

Possible DDX?

A

>10%

Allergy, fungal/parasitic, eosinophilic granuloma complex, neoplasia (lymphoma, mast cell)

58
Q

What characterizes lymphoplasmacytic inflammation?

Possible DDX?

A

mixed lymphoid population

Ag/Immune stimulation, early viral infection, chronic inflammation, regressing histiocytoma

59
Q

Type of lesion? Be specific

A

Inflammatory

lymphoplasmacytic

60
Q
A

Cyptococcus

61
Q

Type of Lesion?

A

inflammatory

Lymphoplasmocytic

62
Q

To which cells does multinucleation not could as a criterion of malignancy?

A

macrophages

osteoclasts

63
Q

What are the 8 characteristics of malignancy?

A

anisokaryosis

pleomorphism

High N:C ratio

mitotic figures

prominent nucleoli

coarse/clumped chromatin

nuclear molding

mutlinucleation

64
Q

With what category of neoplastic cells can N:C not be used as a criterion for malignancy?

A

Round cells

65
Q

In general, how many characteristics of malignancy are needed for a tumor to be considered malignant?

A

3+

66
Q

What characterizes a mixed cell population?

A

Both inflammatory cells and non-inflammatory cells

67
Q

Why do we need to be cautious when we interpret mixed cell populations?

A

inflammatory cells (NT) can causes other cells to appear malignant

68
Q
A

Cytodiagnostics (9 decks)

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